{"id":20021,"date":"1990-10-01T12:00:00","date_gmt":"1990-10-01T12:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20021"},"modified":"2026-04-29T20:24:20","modified_gmt":"2026-04-29T20:24:20","slug":"test-title-1-20","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20021","title":{"rendered":"&#8220;Regularizing the Informal Land Development Process,&#8221; International Case Studies for the USAID Office of Housing and Urban Programs, Mona Serageldin, 1990"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Abstract<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\" style=\"font-size:12px\">In 1990, team members at the Unit for Housing and Urbanization (the Unit) at Harvard University&#8217;s Graduate School of Design authored a report on urban development case studies, <strong>&#8220;Regularizing the Informal Land Development Process,&#8221;<\/strong> for the USAID Office of Housing and Urban Programs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\" style=\"font-size:12px\">The report focused on organizational disconnects between informal housing and formal planning development for urban communities, considering case studies on land development and legal considerations for nine urban municipalities across Asia, Africa, and the Americas: Navi Mumbai, India; Jakarta, Indonesia; Bangkok, Thailand; Mexico City, Mexico; Caracas, Venezuela; Cairo, Egypt; Amman, Jordan; Abidjan, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire; Conakry, Guinea; Kinshasa, Congo; and Lusaka, Zambia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:12px\">Case studies discuss three points for each city region:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"has-ek-indent\" style=\"font-size:12px;--ek-indent:20px\"><li>Informal land development processes; <\/li><li>Regularization of informal land development; and<\/li><li>Legal and institutional frameworks for land regularization. <\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"has-text-align-right\" style=\"font-size:14px\"><strong>See related I2UD projects below<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-subtle-light-gray-background-color has-background\"><tbody><tr><td>Project Year:<\/td><td>1990<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Project Type:<\/td><td>Land Development Case Studies<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Geographic Regions:<\/td><td>Navi Mumbai, India \/ Jakarta, Indonesia \/ Bangkok, Thailand \/ Mexico City, Mexico \/ Caracas, Venezuela \/ Cairo, Egypt \/ Amman, Jordan \/ Abidjan, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire \/ Conakry, Guinea \/ Kinshasa, Congo \/ Lusaka, Zambia<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Reports:<\/td><td><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/docs_p\/1990\/1990_10_001\/Regularizing_the_Informal_Land_Development_Process_Mona_Serageldin_October_1990.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"ek-link\">Regularizing the Informal Land Development Process: (Mona Serageldin, October 1990)<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Authors:<\/td><td>Mona Serageldin; John Driscoll; Mar\u00eda-Luisa Fern\u00e1ndez; Laurent Perrin; Randa Tukan; Phoebe Manzi<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sponsors:<\/td><td>USAID Office of Housing and Urban Programs<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Categories:<\/td><td>Urban Planning<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ID:<\/td><td>1990_10_001<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3>Related I2UD Projects<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-e6b713d2-4ab8-4235-8127-cc98bdf76530\" data-mobilecollapse=\"false\" data-desktopcollapse=\"true\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion\">\n                <div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title-wrap\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-0-e6b713d2-4ab8-4235-8127-cc98bdf76530\" tabindex=\"0\">\n                    <p class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title ub-content-toggle-title-e6b713d2-4ab8-4235-8127-cc98bdf76530\">I2UD Digital Library Study Guide: Informal Settlements<\/p><div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-toggle-wrap right\"><span class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-state-indicator wp-block-ub-chevron-down\"><\/span>\n                    <\/div><\/div><div role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-content-wrap ub-hide\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-0-e6b713d2-4ab8-4235-8127-cc98bdf76530\">\n\n<p style=\"font-size:12px\">I2UD Digital Library Study Guide: <a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?page_id=216448\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">Understanding Informal Settlements and Slum Upgrading, October 2024<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-ek-indent\" style=\"font-size:12px;--ek-indent:20px\"><li><a aria-label=\"\u201cThe Development and Morphology of Informal Housing,\u201d Research Paper, Aga Khan Award for Architecture Seminar Proceedings, Mona Serageldin (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20011\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cThe Development and Morphology of Informal Housing,\u201d Research Paper, Aga Khan Award for Architecture Seminar Proceedings, Mona Serageldin<\/a> (Project ID: 1988_09_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\"\u201cEnvironmental Health Factors in Housing,\u201d Design Study for the Rapid Urbanization of Low-Income Settlements in Urban-Fringe Districts (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20014\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cEnvironmental Health Factors in Housing,\u201d Design Study for the Rapid Urbanization of Low-Income Settlements in Urban-Fringe Districts<\/a> (Project ID: 1989_07_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\"\u201cFinancing Infrastructure Upgrading Programs,\u201d Two Urban Development Research Papers, Mona Serageldin, 1989-1991 (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20016\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cFinancing Infrastructure Upgrading Programs,\u201d Two Urban Development Research Papers, Mona Serageldin, 1989-1991<\/a> (Project ID: 1989_11_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\"\u201cSustainable Improvement Strategies for Lower Income Urban Communities,\u201d Upgrading Policy Plans for Amman, Aqaba, Cairo, and Karachi (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cSustainable Improvement Strategies for Lower Income Urban Communities,\u201d Upgrading Policy Plans for Amman, Aqaba, Cairo, and Karachi<\/a> (Project ID: 1990_01_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cThe Abidjan Experience,\u201d Four Research Reports on Community-Based Urban Development in Adjam\u00e9, Abidjan, C\u00f4te d&#8217;Ivoire, 1990-1995<\/a> (Project ID: 1990_09_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\"\u201cRegularizing the Informal Land Development Process,\u201d International Case Studies for the USAID Office of Housing and Urban Programs, Mona Serageldin (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cRegularizing the Informal Land Development Process,\u201d International Case Studies for the USAID Office of Housing and Urban Programs, Mona Serageldin<\/a> (Project ID: 1990_10_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">Design Studio 1993: \u201cRabat\u2019s Urban Fringe,\u201d Rabat, Morocco, Seminar Curriculum<\/a> (Project ID: 1993<em>00<\/em>001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20028\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cThe Use of Land and Infrastructure in the Self-Improvement Strategies of Urban Lower Income Families,\u201d Paper by Mona Serageldin, UN Habitat Fourteenth Commission Report<\/a> (Project ID: 1993_05_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20036\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cCommunity-Based Urbanization and Favelas Rehabilitation Processes,\u201d Case Study, Fortaleza, Brazil<\/a> (Project ID: 1995_00_006)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20038\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cCommunity Based Credit for Housing, Infrastructure, and Microenterprises,\u201d Micro-Finance Housing Shortage Study for Quito, Ecuador<\/a> (Project ID: 1995_03_003)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\"\u201cHousing Microfinance Initiatives,\u201d Case Study for USAID Microenterprise Best Practices Initiative, 1999-2000 (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20051\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cHousing Microfinance Initiatives,\u201d Case Study for USAID Microenterprise Best Practices Initiative, 1999-2000<\/a> (Project ID: 1999_00_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20053\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">Workshops on \u201cStrategic Planning and Management of Municipal Infrastructure Programs,\u201d from Review of Grant-Funded MIPs in South Africa<\/a> (Project ID: 1999_05_002)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\"\u201cDevelopment of Infrastructure and Initiating of Sustainable Projects in Elim, South Africa,\u201d Report for UN-Habitat Best Practices Leadership Programme, Western Cape, South Africa (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20064\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cDevelopment of Infrastructure and Initiating of Sustainable Projects in Elim, South Africa,\u201d Report for UN-Habitat Best Practices Leadership Programme, Western Cape, South Africa<\/a> (Project ID: 2001_08_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20079\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cLocal Authority-Driven Interventions to Improve the Lives of Slum Dwellers,\u201d Mona Serageldin for UN Millennium Task Force 8<\/a> (Project ID: 2003_10_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\"\u201cDevelopment Corridors and Urban Development Strategies\u201d and \u201cSlum Improvement Strategies and Social Inclusion,\u201d Presentations by Mona Serageldin, 11th United Nations Conference, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20083\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cDevelopment Corridors and Urban Development Strategies\u201d and \u201cSlum Improvement Strategies and Social Inclusion,\u201d Presentations by Mona Serageldin, 11th United Nations Conference, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil<\/a> (Project ID: 2004_06_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\"\u201cQassioun Urban Development Strategy and Improvement Plan,\u201d Technical Framework for Damascus, Syria, 2006-2008 (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20089\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cQassioun Urban Development Strategy and Improvement Plan,\u201d Technical Framework for Damascus, Syria, 2006-2008<\/a> (Project ID: 2006_00_007)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\"\u201cLand-Related Issues, Dhaka, Bangladesh,\u201d Urban Sector Strategy Report for Dhaka and Chittagong, Bangladesh (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20090\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cLand-Related Issues, Dhaka, Bangladesh,\u201d Urban Sector Strategy Report for Dhaka and Chittagong, Bangladesh<\/a> (Project ID: 2006_01_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\"\u201cDelivery of Security of Tenure, Infrastructure Services and Access to Finance Through Community-Based Approaches,\u201d Planning Strategy Report on Albania and El Salvador, 4th World Bank Urban Research Symposium (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20094\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cDelivery of Security of Tenure, Infrastructure Services and Access to Finance Through Community-Based Approaches,\u201d Planning Strategy Report on Albania and El Salvador, 4th World Bank Urban Research Symposium<\/a> (Project ID: 2007_00_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\"\u201cTownship Development Strategy for Emfuleni Municipality,\u201d Technical Assistance to Sedibeng, Gauteng, South Africa (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=200104\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cTownship Development Strategy for Emfuleni Municipality,\u201d Technical Assistance to Sedibeng, Gauteng, South Africa<\/a> (Project ID: 2009_03_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\"\u201cTechnical Assistance to Ezakheni, Ladysmith\/Emnambithi Local Municipality,\u201d Urban Development Strategy, South African Government Neighborhood Development Partnership Grant (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=200106\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cTechnical Assistance to Ezakheni, Ladysmith\/Emnambithi Local Municipality,\u201d Urban Development Strategy, South African Government Neighborhood Development Partnership Grant<\/a> (Project ID: 2010_02_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=200118\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cThe Unplanned Areas Upgrading and Employment Enhancing Programme in Egypt,\u201d Needs Assessment and Activity Design Study for Informal Settlements, 2011-2016<\/a> (Project ID: 2012_10_004)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\"\u201cInclusive Cities and Access to Land, Housing, and Services in Developing Countries,\u201d Urban Development Series, World Bank (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=200121\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cInclusive Cities and Access to Land, Housing, and Services in Developing Countries,\u201d Urban Development Series, World Bank<\/a> (Project ID: 2014_04_001)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-f68d22dd-ef2a-4278-8a3e-c8e3b536f2a5\" data-mobilecollapse=\"false\" data-desktopcollapse=\"true\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion\">\n                <div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title-wrap\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-0-f68d22dd-ef2a-4278-8a3e-c8e3b536f2a5\" tabindex=\"0\">\n                    <p class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title ub-content-toggle-title-f68d22dd-ef2a-4278-8a3e-c8e3b536f2a5\">Related by: City or Community Case Studies<\/p><div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-toggle-wrap right\"><span class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-state-indicator wp-block-ub-chevron-down\"><\/span>\n                    <\/div><\/div><div role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-content-wrap ub-hide\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-0-f68d22dd-ef2a-4278-8a3e-c8e3b536f2a5\">\n\n<ul class=\"has-ek-indent\" style=\"font-size:12px;--ek-indent:20px\"><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=200131\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cPlanning for Climate Adaptation Program\u201d for Four Dominican Republic Municipalities<\/a> (Project ID: 2015_10_002)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=200124\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cNational Urban Policies in Arab States,\u201d Regional Assessment and Case Studies on NUPs in Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, and Sudan<\/a> (Project ID: 2014_08_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=200114\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cArusha Urbanization Strategy and Urban Development Plan,\u201d Development Strategy for Arusha Municipality, Tanzania<\/a> (Project ID: 2012_01_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=200107\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">ICLRD: Urban Reconciliation Case Studies for Public Housing Estates in Ireland and Northern Ireland, with Study Profile on the Basel Metropolitan Area<\/a> (Project ID: 2010_05_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20093\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">Executive Training Course 2006: \u201cStrategic Planning for Sustainable Infrastructure Development,\u201d Workshop Curriculum with Case Studies, Pretoria, South Africa<\/a> (Project ID: 2006_11_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20077\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">IEP 2003: \u201cInfrastructure and Partnerships for Local Economic Development\u201d in Pretoria and Bloemfontein, South Africa<\/a> (Project ID: 2003_08_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20070\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">IEP 2002: \u201cStrategic Planning for Local Development &amp; Urban Revitalization,\u201d Program Overview<\/a> (Project ID: 2002_01_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20068\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">&#8220;Indicators of Performance for Local Development,&#8221; Case Study on the LITMUS Programme by the Borough of Southwark, London, 2001<\/a> (Project ID: 2001_09_003)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20053\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">Workshops on \u201cStrategic Planning and Management of Municipal Infrastructure Programs,\u201d from Review of Grant-Funded MIPs in South Africa<\/a> (Project ID: 1999_05_002)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20051\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cHousing Microfinance Initiatives,\u201d Case Study for USAID Microenterprise Best Practices Initiative<\/a> (Project ID: 1999_00_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20048\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">ITP 1998: \u201cThe Role of Public\/Private Partnerships in Urban Improvements,\u201d with Case Studies on Kreuzberg, Berlin (Germany), GIS Mapping on Cape Cod (US), and the Maarouf Quarter of Cairo (Egypt)<\/a> (Project ID: 1998_07_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20043\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cCity of Szczecin Capital Improvement Program,\u201d Case Studies for Technical Assistance Program, Szczecin, Poland<\/a> (Project ID: 1996_06_002)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20032\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">ITP 1994: \u201cRevitalization in Older Urban Spaces,\u201d Upham\u2019s Corner, Dorchester, Boston, South Boston, and New Haven (US); Montpellier (France); and Cork (Ireland) with Case Studies<\/a> (Project ID: 1994_07_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20033\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cIntroduction to Local Finances,\u201d Teaching Monographs and Case Studies on Finance Management, 1994-1999<\/a> (Project ID: 1994_07_002)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\"&quot;Regularizing the Informal Land Development Process,&quot; International Case Studies for the USAID Office of Housing and Urban Programs, Mona Serageldin, 1990 (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">&#8220;Regularizing the Informal Land Development Process,&#8221; International Case Studies for the USAID Office of Housing and Urban Programs, Mona Serageldin<\/a> (Project ID: 1990_10_001)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-55719aa5-7efe-445f-bdd8-32e2045c271d\" data-mobilecollapse=\"false\" data-desktopcollapse=\"true\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion\">\n                <div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title-wrap\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-0-55719aa5-7efe-445f-bdd8-32e2045c271d\" tabindex=\"0\">\n                    <p class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title ub-content-toggle-title-55719aa5-7efe-445f-bdd8-32e2045c271d\">Related I2UD Photograph Galleries<\/p><div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-toggle-wrap right\"><span class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-state-indicator wp-block-ub-chevron-down\"><\/span>\n                    <\/div><\/div><div role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-content-wrap ub-hide\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-0-55719aa5-7efe-445f-bdd8-32e2045c271d\">\n\n<ul id=\"block-7fff156f-0bfc-4a32-bc95-4d6730c335c4\" class=\"has-ek-indent\" style=\"font-size:12px;--ek-indent:20px\"><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?page_id=22470\" target=\"_blank\">I2UD Photograph Collection, Gallery 2: C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire: Adjam\u00e9, Abidjan (1990-1995)<\/a><\/li><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?page_id=24388\" target=\"_blank\">I2UD Photograph Collection, Gallery 5: Congo: Kinshasa (1989)<\/a><\/li><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?page_id=21325\" target=\"_blank\">I2UD Photograph Collection, Galleries 6-7 &#8211; Egypt: Cairo and Helwan (1986, 1990)<\/a><\/li><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?page_id=22664\" target=\"_blank\">I2UD Photograph Collection, Gallery 16: Venezuela: Caracas (1989)<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\t\t\t\t<![CDATA[]]>\t\t<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_editorskit_title_hidden":false,"_editorskit_reading_time":1,"_editorskit_typography_data":[],"_editorskit_blocks_typography":"","_editorskit_is_block_options_detached":false,"_editorskit_block_options_position":"{}","ub_ctt_via":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[442,1310,13,20,56,19,1748,21,55,475,467,485,461,487,1880,471,53,65,34,50,1884,60,61,1886,484,45,488,1879,489,63,486,483,1865,62,214,1856,64,66],"tags":[1576,1543,1623,1547,1602,1724,1573,1563,1580,1503,1532,1645],"featured_image_src":null,"author_info":{"display_name":"lib1","author_link":"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?author=4"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20021"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=20021"}],"version-history":[{"count":31,"href":"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20021\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":229053,"href":"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20021\/revisions\/229053"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=20021"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=20021"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=20021"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}