{"id":20028,"date":"1993-05-01T12:00:00","date_gmt":"1993-05-01T12:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20028"},"modified":"2026-04-29T20:23:24","modified_gmt":"2026-04-29T20:23:24","slug":"test-title-1-27","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20028","title":{"rendered":"&#8220;The Use of Land and Infrastructure in the Self-Improvement Strategies of Urban Lower Income Families,&#8221; Paper by Mona Serageldin, UN-Habitat Fourteenth Commission Report, May 1993"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Abstract<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\" style=\"font-size:12px\">A landmark paper by Mona Serageldin, <strong>&#8220;The Use of Land and Infrastructure in the Self-Improvement Strategies of Urban Lower Income Families,&#8221;<\/strong> was included in the the Fourteenth Commission UNCHS\/Habitat Report and presented to the Commission in Nairobi, Kenya in <strong>May 1993<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\" style=\"font-size:12px\">This work presented the self-improvement strategies of families dealing with challenging living conditions as an &#8220;intricate and dynamic&#8221; part of urban development, conditions which planners should respect. Serageldin&#8217;s report drew on her long history of research on urban development in cities globally, using short narrative examples and photos to illustrate specific households in: <strong>Abidjan<\/strong>, <strong>Amman<\/strong>, <strong>Cairo<\/strong>, <strong>Jakarta<\/strong>, <strong>Karachi<\/strong>, <strong>Kinshasa<\/strong>, <strong>Quito<\/strong>, <strong>Mexico<\/strong> <strong>City<\/strong>, <strong>Rabat<\/strong>, <strong>Surabaya<\/strong>, <strong>Tunis<\/strong>, and <strong>Boston<\/strong>. The report was sponsored by USAID&#8217;s Family and Development Program and Office of Housing and Urban Programs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\" style=\"font-size:12px\">Another essay on the same topic was published as USAID Seminar Brief No. 4, <strong>&#8220;How Urban Families use Infrastructure and Housing in their own Development,&#8221;<\/strong> in June 1992. This document summarized Serageldin&#8217;s seminar presentation for the USAID <em>Family and Development Initiative Series<\/em> in <strong>April 1992<\/strong>, relaying her indication of trends toward informal housing developments emerging in reaction to rapid urbanization in city populations and housing shortages increasingly becoming a critical issue for low-income families.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-40bb1fee-e9bd-4d65-8685-4af2b26c3dc7\" data-mobilecollapse=\"false\" data-desktopcollapse=\"true\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion\">\n                <div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title-wrap\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-0-40bb1fee-e9bd-4d65-8685-4af2b26c3dc7\" tabindex=\"0\">\n                    <p class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title ub-content-toggle-title-40bb1fee-e9bd-4d65-8685-4af2b26c3dc7\">Excerpts<\/p><div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-toggle-wrap right\"><span class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-state-indicator wp-block-ub-chevron-down\"><\/span>\n                    <\/div><\/div><div role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-content-wrap ub-hide\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-0-40bb1fee-e9bd-4d65-8685-4af2b26c3dc7\">\n\n<p class=\"has-background has-ek-indent\" style=\"background-color:#f3f3f3;font-size:11px;--ek-indent:20px\"><br><strong>[Excerpt: USAID Seminar No. 4. &#8220;How Urban Families use Infrastructure and Housing in their own Development,&#8221; June 1992.]<\/strong><br><br>&#8220;<strong>Keeping Families Together<\/strong>: Dr. Serageldin&#8217;s longitudinal research in Cairo illustrated the importance of a house as an asset that keeps families together. Vertical expansion of buildings provides space which can be used to house less fortunate family members, such as the elderly, at advantageous terms to all parties. In one case, the rental income saved by a widowed mother living on a relative&#8217;s top floor was spent on her children&#8217;s school fees while the income generated by this family member from a ground floor shop covered the family&#8217;s living expenses.&#8221;<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/Screen-Shot-2022-09-20-at-4.21.44-PM-edited-1-1000x563.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-211092\" width=\"582\" height=\"327\" srcset=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/Screen-Shot-2022-09-20-at-4.21.44-PM-edited-1-1000x563.png 1000w, http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/Screen-Shot-2022-09-20-at-4.21.44-PM-edited-1-600x338.png 600w, http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/Screen-Shot-2022-09-20-at-4.21.44-PM-edited-1-768x432.png 768w, http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/Screen-Shot-2022-09-20-at-4.21.44-PM-edited-1.png 1363w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 582px) 100vw, 582px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-subtle-light-gray-background-color has-background\"><tbody><tr><td>Project Year:<\/td><td>1993, 1992<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Project Type:<\/td><td>Research Paper<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Geographic Regions:<\/td><td>Abidjan, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire \/ Amman, Jordan \/ Cairo, Egypt \/ Jakarta and Surabaya, Indonesia \/ Karachi, Pakistan \/ Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo \/ Quito, Ecuador \/ Mexico City, Mexico \/ Rabat, Morocco \/ Tunis, Tunisia \/ Boston, Massachusetts, USA<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Reports:<\/td><td><br><ul><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/docs_p\/1993\/1993_05_001\/Fourteenth_Commission_UN_Habitat_Report_May_1993.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"ek-link\">&#8220;The Use of Land and Infrastructure in the Self-Improvement Strategies of Urban Lower Income Families,&#8221; UN-Habitat Report (May 1993)<\/a><\/li><br><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/docs_p\/1993\/1993_05_001\/USAID_Seminar_Brief_No_4_April_1992.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"ek-link\">&#8220;How Urban Families use Infrastructure and Housing in their own Development,&#8221; USAID Seminar Brief No. 4 (June 1992)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Authors:<\/td><td>Mona Serageldin; John Driscoll; Mar\u00eda-Luisa Fern\u00e1ndez<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sponsors:<\/td><td>UN-Habitat; USAID<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Categories:<\/td><td>Informal Settlements and Urban Upgrading<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ID:<\/td><td>1993_05_001<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3>Related I2UD Projects<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-e6b713d2-4ab8-4235-8127-cc98bdf76530\" data-mobilecollapse=\"false\" data-desktopcollapse=\"true\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion\">\n                <div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title-wrap\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-0-e6b713d2-4ab8-4235-8127-cc98bdf76530\" tabindex=\"0\">\n                    <p class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title ub-content-toggle-title-e6b713d2-4ab8-4235-8127-cc98bdf76530\">I2UD Digital Library Study Guide: Informal Settlements<\/p><div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-toggle-wrap right\"><span class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-state-indicator wp-block-ub-chevron-down\"><\/span>\n                    <\/div><\/div><div role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-content-wrap ub-hide\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-0-e6b713d2-4ab8-4235-8127-cc98bdf76530\">\n\n<p style=\"font-size:12px\">I2UD Digital Library Study Guide: <a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?page_id=216448\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">Understanding Informal Settlements and Slum Upgrading, October 2024<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-ek-indent\" style=\"font-size:12px;--ek-indent:20px\"><li><a aria-label=\"\u201cThe Development and Morphology of Informal Housing,\u201d Research Paper, Aga Khan Award for Architecture Seminar Proceedings, Mona Serageldin (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20011\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cThe Development and Morphology of Informal Housing,\u201d Research Paper, Aga Khan Award for Architecture Seminar Proceedings, Mona Serageldin<\/a> (Project ID: 1988_09_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\"\u201cEnvironmental Health Factors in Housing,\u201d Design Study for the Rapid Urbanization of Low-Income Settlements in Urban-Fringe Districts (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20014\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cEnvironmental Health Factors in Housing,\u201d Design Study for the Rapid Urbanization of Low-Income Settlements in Urban-Fringe Districts<\/a> (Project ID: 1989_07_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\"\u201cFinancing Infrastructure Upgrading Programs,\u201d Two Urban Development Research Papers, Mona Serageldin, 1989-1991 (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20016\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cFinancing Infrastructure Upgrading Programs,\u201d Two Urban Development Research Papers, Mona Serageldin, 1989-1991<\/a> (Project ID: 1989_11_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\"\u201cSustainable Improvement Strategies for Lower Income Urban Communities,\u201d Upgrading Policy Plans for Amman, Aqaba, Cairo, and Karachi (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cSustainable Improvement Strategies for Lower Income Urban Communities,\u201d Upgrading Policy Plans for Amman, Aqaba, Cairo, and Karachi<\/a> (Project ID: 1990_01_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cThe Abidjan Experience,\u201d Four Research Reports on Community-Based Urban Development in Adjam\u00e9, Abidjan, C\u00f4te d&#8217;Ivoire, 1990-1995<\/a> (Project ID: 1990_09_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\"\u201cRegularizing the Informal Land Development Process,\u201d International Case Studies for the USAID Office of Housing and Urban Programs, Mona Serageldin (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cRegularizing the Informal Land Development Process,\u201d International Case Studies for the USAID Office of Housing and Urban Programs, Mona Serageldin<\/a> (Project ID: 1990_10_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">Design Studio 1993: \u201cRabat\u2019s Urban Fringe,\u201d Rabat, Morocco, Seminar Curriculum<\/a> (Project ID: 1993<em>00<\/em>001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20028\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cThe Use of Land and Infrastructure in the Self-Improvement Strategies of Urban Lower Income Families,\u201d Paper by Mona Serageldin, UN Habitat Fourteenth Commission Report<\/a> (Project ID: 1993_05_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20036\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cCommunity-Based Urbanization and Favelas Rehabilitation Processes,\u201d Case Study, Fortaleza, Brazil<\/a> (Project ID: 1995_00_006)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20038\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cCommunity Based Credit for Housing, Infrastructure, and Microenterprises,\u201d Micro-Finance Housing Shortage Study for Quito, Ecuador<\/a> (Project ID: 1995_03_003)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\"\u201cHousing Microfinance Initiatives,\u201d Case Study for USAID Microenterprise Best Practices Initiative, 1999-2000 (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20051\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cHousing Microfinance Initiatives,\u201d Case Study for USAID Microenterprise Best Practices Initiative, 1999-2000<\/a> (Project ID: 1999_00_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20053\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">Workshops on \u201cStrategic Planning and Management of Municipal Infrastructure Programs,\u201d from Review of Grant-Funded MIPs in South Africa<\/a> (Project ID: 1999_05_002)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\"\u201cDevelopment of Infrastructure and Initiating of Sustainable Projects in Elim, South Africa,\u201d Report for UN-Habitat Best Practices Leadership Programme, Western Cape, South Africa (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20064\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cDevelopment of Infrastructure and Initiating of Sustainable Projects in Elim, South Africa,\u201d Report for UN-Habitat Best Practices Leadership Programme, Western Cape, South Africa<\/a> (Project ID: 2001_08_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20079\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cLocal Authority-Driven Interventions to Improve the Lives of Slum Dwellers,\u201d Mona Serageldin for UN Millennium Task Force 8<\/a> (Project ID: 2003_10_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\"\u201cDevelopment Corridors and Urban Development Strategies\u201d and \u201cSlum Improvement Strategies and Social Inclusion,\u201d Presentations by Mona Serageldin, 11th United Nations Conference, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20083\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cDevelopment Corridors and Urban Development Strategies\u201d and \u201cSlum Improvement Strategies and Social Inclusion,\u201d Presentations by Mona Serageldin, 11th United Nations Conference, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil<\/a> (Project ID: 2004_06_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\"\u201cQassioun Urban Development Strategy and Improvement Plan,\u201d Technical Framework for Damascus, Syria, 2006-2008 (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20089\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cQassioun Urban Development Strategy and Improvement Plan,\u201d Technical Framework for Damascus, Syria, 2006-2008<\/a> (Project ID: 2006_00_007)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\"\u201cLand-Related Issues, Dhaka, Bangladesh,\u201d Urban Sector Strategy Report for Dhaka and Chittagong, Bangladesh (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20090\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cLand-Related Issues, Dhaka, Bangladesh,\u201d Urban Sector Strategy Report for Dhaka and Chittagong, Bangladesh<\/a> (Project ID: 2006_01_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\"\u201cDelivery of Security of Tenure, Infrastructure Services and Access to Finance Through Community-Based Approaches,\u201d Planning Strategy Report on Albania and El Salvador, 4th World Bank Urban Research Symposium (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20094\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cDelivery of Security of Tenure, Infrastructure Services and Access to Finance Through Community-Based Approaches,\u201d Planning Strategy Report on Albania and El Salvador, 4th World Bank Urban Research Symposium<\/a> (Project ID: 2007_00_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\"\u201cTownship Development Strategy for Emfuleni Municipality,\u201d Technical Assistance to Sedibeng, Gauteng, South Africa (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=200104\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cTownship Development Strategy for Emfuleni Municipality,\u201d Technical Assistance to Sedibeng, Gauteng, South Africa<\/a> (Project ID: 2009_03_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\"\u201cTechnical Assistance to Ezakheni, Ladysmith\/Emnambithi Local Municipality,\u201d Urban Development Strategy, South African Government Neighborhood Development Partnership Grant (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=200106\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cTechnical Assistance to Ezakheni, Ladysmith\/Emnambithi Local Municipality,\u201d Urban Development Strategy, South African Government Neighborhood Development Partnership Grant<\/a> (Project ID: 2010_02_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=200118\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cThe Unplanned Areas Upgrading and Employment Enhancing Programme in Egypt,\u201d Needs Assessment and Activity Design Study for Informal Settlements, 2011-2016<\/a> (Project ID: 2012_10_004)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\"\u201cInclusive Cities and Access to Land, Housing, and Services in Developing Countries,\u201d Urban Development Series, World Bank (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=200121\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cInclusive Cities and Access to Land, Housing, and Services in Developing Countries,\u201d Urban Development Series, World Bank<\/a> (Project ID: 2014_04_001)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-7d682d84-5f75-42ef-a8e2-35f20be6d123\" data-mobilecollapse=\"false\" data-desktopcollapse=\"true\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion\">\n                <div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title-wrap\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-0-7d682d84-5f75-42ef-a8e2-35f20be6d123\" tabindex=\"0\">\n                    <p class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title ub-content-toggle-title-7d682d84-5f75-42ef-a8e2-35f20be6d123\">Related by: Housing<\/p><div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-toggle-wrap right\"><span class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-state-indicator wp-block-ub-chevron-down\"><\/span>\n                    <\/div><\/div><div role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-content-wrap ub-hide\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-0-7d682d84-5f75-42ef-a8e2-35f20be6d123\">\n\n<ul class=\"has-ek-indent\" style=\"font-size:12px;--ek-indent:20px\"><li><a aria-label=\"ITP 1988: \u201cHousing Affordability: Project Appraisal and Program Structure,\u201d with Boston Redevelopment Authority Site Visit (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=2009\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">ITP 1988: \u201cHousing Affordability: Project Appraisal and Program Structure,\u201d with Boston Redevelopment Authority Site Visit<\/a> (Project ID: 1988_00_002)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20013\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">Design Studio 1989: \u201cRabat\u2019s Urban Fringe,\u201d Urbanization Analysis of Rabat, Morocco, Seminar Curriculum<\/a> (Project ID: 1989_01_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20014\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cEnvironmental Health Factors in Housing,\u201d Design Study for the Rapid Urbanization of Low-Income Settlements in Urban-Fringe Districts<\/a> (Project ID: 1989_07_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">&#8220;Second Urban Project,&#8221; Urban Development Study Proposals for Conakry, Republic of Guinea<\/a> (Project ID: 1990_01_002)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cStrategy for Technical Assistance and Training: Housing and Land Management in Poland,\u201d Technical Assistance Report by Mona Serageldin<\/a> (Project ID: 1992_00_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cReview of Ongoing USAID Shelter Sector Activities in Morocco,\u201d Report by Mona Serageldin for USAID\/Morocco Office of Housing and Urban Programs, 1992-1998<\/a> (Project ID: 1992_00_004)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">Design Studio 1993: \u201cRabat\u2019s Urban Fringe,\u201d Rabat, Morocco, Seminar Curriculum<\/a> (Project ID: 1993_00_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20028\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cThe Use of Land and Infrastructure in the Self-Improvement Strategies of Urban Lower Income Families,\u201d Paper by Mona Serageldin, UN-Habitat Fourteenth Commission Report<\/a> (Project ID: 1993_05_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20031\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">Design Studio 1994: \u201cA New Urban Center for Adjame, Abidjan, Ivory Coast,\u201d Seminar Curriculum<\/a> (Project ID: 1994_01_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20035\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">Design Studio 1995: \u201cUrban Regeneration and Housing in a Transitional Economy: Lublin, Poland,\u201d Seminar Curriculum<\/a> (Project ID: 1995_00_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20036\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cCommunity-Based Urbanization and Favelas Rehabilitation Processes,\u201d Case Study for Fortaleza, Brazil<\/a> (Project ID: 1995_00_006)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20038\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cCommunity Based Credit for Housing, Infrastructure, and Microenterprises,\u201d Micro-Finance Housing Shortage Study for Quito, Ecuador<\/a> (Project ID: 1995_03_003)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20041\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">Design Studio 1996: \u201cStrategic Urban Redevelopment in a Transitional Economy in Gdansk, Poland,\u201d Seminar Curriculum<\/a> (Project ID: 1996_01_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20045\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">ITP 1997: \u201cSouth Boston Metropolitan Area Community Housing,\u201d Case Studies from Boston, Massachusetts<\/a> (Project ID: 1997_00_002)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20047\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">City of Boston\u2019s \u201cNeighborhood Partnership Initiative\u201d &amp; \u201cMain Street Program,\u201d Urban Revitalization for Roslindale and West Roxbury, Boston, United States<\/a> (Project ID: 1997_05_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20051\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cHousing Microfinance Initiatives,\u201d Case Study for USAID Microenterprise Best Practices Initiative, 1999-2000<\/a> (Project ID: 1999_00_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\"\u201cMigration, Remittances and Housing in Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d Study on Senegal, Kenya, and South Africa with SIDA, 2007-2008 (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20096\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cMigration, Remittances and Housing in Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d Study on Senegal, Kenya, and South Africa with SIDA, 2007-2008<\/a> (Project ID: 2007_07_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20098\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">Executive Education Program 2007: \u201cStrategic Planning for Sustainable Human Settlements,\u201d Pretoria, South Africa<\/a> (Project ID: 2007_11_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=200100\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cImprovement Strategies for Affordable Housing in Yerevan, Armenia,\u201d Development Strategy<\/a> (Project ID: 2008_01_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=200104\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cTownship Development Strategy for Emfuleni Municipality,\u201d Technical Assistance to Sedibeng, Gauteng, South Africa<\/a> (Project ID: 2009_03_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=200107\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">ICLRD: Urban Reconciliation Case Studies for Public Housing Estates in Ireland and Northern Ireland, with Study Profile on the Basel Metropolitan Area, 2010-2012<\/a> (Project ID: 2010_05_001)<\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=200122\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">UN-Habitat Spatial Regional Plan and Assessment for the Kurdistan-Iraq Region Housing Program<\/a> (Project ID: 2014_06_001)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-80959483-c740-4703-874a-2ab708a9d765\" data-mobilecollapse=\"false\" data-desktopcollapse=\"false\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion\">\n                <div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title-wrap\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-0-80959483-c740-4703-874a-2ab708a9d765\" tabindex=\"0\">\n                    <p class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title ub-content-toggle-title-80959483-c740-4703-874a-2ab708a9d765\">Related I2UD Photograph Galleries<\/p><div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-toggle-wrap right\"><span class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-state-indicator wp-block-ub-chevron-down open\"><\/span>\n                    <\/div><\/div><div role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-content-wrap\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-0-80959483-c740-4703-874a-2ab708a9d765\">\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-ek-indent\" style=\"font-size:12px;--ek-indent:40px\"><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?page_id=22470\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"ek-link\">Gallery 2: C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire: Adjam\u00e9, Abidjan (1990-1995)<\/a><br><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?page_id=22663\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"ek-link\"><br><\/a><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?page_id=24388\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"ek-link\">Gallery 5: Congo: Kinshasa (1989)<\/a><br><br><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?page_id=21325\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"ek-link\">Galleries 6-7: Egypt: Cairo and Helwan (1986, 1990)<\/a><br><br><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?page_id=22883\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"ek-link\">Gallery 13: Tunisia: Tunis (1978-1990)<\/a><\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\t\t\t\t<![CDATA[]]>\t\t<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_editorskit_title_hidden":false,"_editorskit_reading_time":1,"_editorskit_typography_data":[],"_editorskit_blocks_typography":"","_editorskit_is_block_options_detached":false,"_editorskit_block_options_position":"{}","ub_ctt_via":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[442,1313,1310,13,20,56,19,1748,21,55,475,467,476,461,53,65,84,34,1883,1884,61,1886,212,484,45,469,488,63,486,82,46,496,497,1865,498,460,33,1857,42,1856],"tags":[1729,1484,1617,1686,1543,1623,1602,1546,1563,1649,1559,1533,1532,1645,1527],"featured_image_src":null,"author_info":{"display_name":"lib1","author_link":"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?author=4"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20028"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=20028"}],"version-history":[{"count":44,"href":"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20028\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":229051,"href":"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20028\/revisions\/229051"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=20028"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=20028"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=20028"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}