{"id":20051,"date":"1999-01-01T12:00:00","date_gmt":"1999-01-01T12:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20051"},"modified":"2026-04-29T20:20:37","modified_gmt":"2026-04-29T20:20:37","slug":"test-title-1-50","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20051","title":{"rendered":"&#8220;Housing Microfinance Initiatives,&#8221; Case Study for USAID Microenterprise Best Practices Initiative, 1999-2000"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Abstract<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\" style=\"font-size:12px\">Team members at the Unit for Housing and Urbanization (later the Center for Urban Development Studies) at Harvard University&#8217;s Graduate School of Design worked on the &#8220;Housing Microfinance Initiative&#8221; case study from 1999 to 2000, accompanying USAID&#8217;s Microenterprise Best Practices effort. The Unit produced reports to highlight the achievements of housing micro-finance initiatives around the world. Findings noted the challenges facing the extension of microcredit to poor households for funding shelter construction and improvements, land acquisition, and infrastructure provisions. Geographic regions covered include <strong>South Asia<\/strong>, <strong>Southeast Asia<\/strong>, <strong>Latin America<\/strong>, and <strong>Sub-Saharan Africa<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\" style=\"font-size:12px\">Documents include a final report, a 1998 draft background report on Guatemala, an inception brief, multiple summary and synthesis reports, supporting overviews, and case studies with photos. Regional overviews address the broad geographic areas noted above.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"has-text-align-right\" style=\"font-size:14px\"><strong>See related I2UD projects below<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-regular\"><table class=\"has-subtle-light-gray-background-color has-background\"><tbody><tr><td>Project Year:<\/td><td>1999-2000<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Project Type:<\/td><td>Case Study<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Geographic Regions:<\/td><td>South Asia (India and Bangladesh) \/ Southeast Asia (Philippines) \/ Latin America (Guatemala) \/ Sub-Saharan Africa (South Africa)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Reports:<\/td><td><br><ul><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/docs_p\/1999\/1999_00_001\/Housing_Microfinance_Initiatives_Final_Report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"ek-link\">Housing Microfinance: (Final Report)<\/a><\/li><br><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/docs_p\/1999\/1999_00_001\/Housing_Microfinance_Initiatives_Genesis_Empresarial_Community_Infrastructure_Lending_Program_Guatemala_Final_Draft_December_1998.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"ek-link\">Housing Microfinance Initiatives: Genesis Empresarial Community Infrastructure Lending Program, Guatemala (Final Draft, December 1998)<\/a><\/li><br><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/docs_p\/1999\/1999_00_001\/Housing_Microfinance_Initiatives_Inception_Brief_March_1999.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">Housing Microfinance: (Inception Brief, March 1999)<\/a><\/li><br><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/docs_p\/1999\/1999_00_001\/Housing_Microfinance_Initiatives_Regional_Summary_January_2000.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"ek-link\">Housing Microfinance: (Regional Summary, January 2000)<\/a><\/li><br><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/docs_p\/1999\/1999_00_001\/Housing_Microfinance_Initiatives_Synthesis_Report_March_2000.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"ek-link\">Housing Microfinance: (Synthesis Report, March 2000)<\/a><\/li><br><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/docs_p\/1999\/1999_00_001\/Housing_Microfinance_Initiatives_Synthesis_and_Regional_Summary_May_2000.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"ek-link\">Housing Microfinance: (Synthesis and Regional Summary, May 2000)<\/a><\/li><br><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/docs_p\/1999\/1999_00_001\/Housing_Microfinance_Initiatives_Executive_Summary_May_2000.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"ek-link\">Housing Microfinance: (Executive Summary, May 2000)<\/a><\/li><br><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/docs_p\/1999\/1999_00_001\/Housing_Microfinance_Initiatives_Proposed_Scope_Case_Study_Overview.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"ek-link\">Housing Microfinance: Proposed Scope (Case Study Overview)<\/a><\/li><br><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/docs_p\/1999\/1999_00_001\/Housing_Microfinance_Initiatives_Proposed_Scope_Synthesis_Report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"ek-link\">Housing Microfinance: Proposed Scope (Synthesis Report)<\/a><\/li><br><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/docs_p\/1999\/1999_00_001\/Housing_Microfinance_Initiatives_Proposed_Scope_Asia_and_Africa_Regional_Overview.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"ek-link\">Housing Microfinance: Proposed Scope, Asia and Africa (Regional Overview)<\/a><\/li><br><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/docs_p\/1999\/1999_00_001\/Housing_Microfinance_Initiatives_Proposed_Scope_Latin_America_and_Eastern_Europe_Regional_Overview.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"ek-link\">Housing Microfinance: Proposed Scope, Latin America and Eastern Europe (Regional Overview)<\/a><\/li><br><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/docs_p\/1999\/1999_00_001\/Housing_Microfinance_Initiatives_Case_Studies_and_Photos.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"ek-link\">Housing Microfinance: (Case Studies and Photos)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Authors:<\/td><td>John Driscoll; Graciela Fortin-Magana; Christopher Rogers; Mona Serageldin; Sameh Wahba; Christine Williams; Kimberly Wilson<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sponsors:<\/td><td>USAID Microfinance Office; Development Alternatives, Inc. (Bethesda, Maryland)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Categories:<\/td><td>Urban Planning<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ID:<\/td><td>1999_00_001<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3>Related I2UD Projects<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-e6b713d2-4ab8-4235-8127-cc98bdf76530\" data-mobilecollapse=\"false\" data-desktopcollapse=\"true\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion\">\n                <div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title-wrap\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-0-e6b713d2-4ab8-4235-8127-cc98bdf76530\" tabindex=\"0\">\n                    <p class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title ub-content-toggle-title-e6b713d2-4ab8-4235-8127-cc98bdf76530\">I2UD Digital Library Study Guide: Informal Settlements<\/p><div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-toggle-wrap right\"><span class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-state-indicator wp-block-ub-chevron-down\"><\/span>\n                    <\/div><\/div><div role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-content-wrap ub-hide\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-0-e6b713d2-4ab8-4235-8127-cc98bdf76530\">\n\n<p style=\"font-size:12px\">I2UD Digital Library Study Guide: <a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?page_id=216448\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">Understanding Informal Settlements and Slum Upgrading, October 2024<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-ek-indent\" style=\"font-size:12px;--ek-indent:20px\"><li><a aria-label=\"\u201cThe Development and Morphology of Informal Housing,\u201d Research Paper, Aga Khan Award for Architecture Seminar Proceedings, Mona Serageldin (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20011\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cThe Development and Morphology of Informal Housing,\u201d Research Paper, Aga Khan Award for Architecture Seminar Proceedings, Mona Serageldin<\/a> (Project ID: 1988_09_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\"\u201cEnvironmental Health Factors in Housing,\u201d Design Study for the Rapid Urbanization of Low-Income Settlements in Urban-Fringe Districts (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20014\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cEnvironmental Health Factors in Housing,\u201d Design Study for the Rapid Urbanization of Low-Income Settlements in Urban-Fringe Districts<\/a> (Project ID: 1989_07_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\"\u201cFinancing Infrastructure Upgrading Programs,\u201d Two Urban Development Research Papers, Mona Serageldin, 1989-1991 (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20016\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cFinancing Infrastructure Upgrading Programs,\u201d Two Urban Development Research Papers, Mona Serageldin, 1989-1991<\/a> (Project ID: 1989_11_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\"\u201cSustainable Improvement Strategies for Lower Income Urban Communities,\u201d Upgrading Policy Plans for Amman, Aqaba, Cairo, and Karachi (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cSustainable Improvement Strategies for Lower Income Urban Communities,\u201d Upgrading Policy Plans for Amman, Aqaba, Cairo, and Karachi<\/a> (Project ID: 1990_01_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cThe Abidjan Experience,\u201d Four Research Reports on Community-Based Urban Development in Adjam\u00e9, Abidjan, C\u00f4te d&#8217;Ivoire, 1990-1995<\/a> (Project ID: 1990_09_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\"\u201cRegularizing the Informal Land Development Process,\u201d International Case Studies for the USAID Office of Housing and Urban Programs, Mona Serageldin (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cRegularizing the Informal Land Development Process,\u201d International Case Studies for the USAID Office of Housing and Urban Programs, Mona Serageldin<\/a> (Project ID: 1990_10_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">Design Studio 1993: \u201cRabat\u2019s Urban Fringe,\u201d Rabat, Morocco, Seminar Curriculum<\/a> (Project ID: 1993<em>00<\/em>001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20028\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cThe Use of Land and Infrastructure in the Self-Improvement Strategies of Urban Lower Income Families,\u201d Paper by Mona Serageldin, UN Habitat Fourteenth Commission Report<\/a> (Project ID: 1993_05_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20036\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cCommunity-Based Urbanization and Favelas Rehabilitation Processes,\u201d Case Study, Fortaleza, Brazil<\/a> (Project ID: 1995_00_006)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20038\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cCommunity Based Credit for Housing, Infrastructure, and Microenterprises,\u201d Micro-Finance Housing Shortage Study for Quito, Ecuador<\/a> (Project ID: 1995_03_003)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\"\u201cHousing Microfinance Initiatives,\u201d Case Study for USAID Microenterprise Best Practices Initiative, 1999-2000 (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20051\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cHousing Microfinance Initiatives,\u201d Case Study for USAID Microenterprise Best Practices Initiative, 1999-2000<\/a> (Project ID: 1999_00_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20053\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">Workshops on \u201cStrategic Planning and Management of Municipal Infrastructure Programs,\u201d from Review of Grant-Funded MIPs in South Africa<\/a> (Project ID: 1999_05_002)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\"\u201cDevelopment of Infrastructure and Initiating of Sustainable Projects in Elim, South Africa,\u201d Report for UN-Habitat Best Practices Leadership Programme, Western Cape, South Africa (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20064\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cDevelopment of Infrastructure and Initiating of Sustainable Projects in Elim, South Africa,\u201d Report for UN-Habitat Best Practices Leadership Programme, Western Cape, South Africa<\/a> (Project ID: 2001_08_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20079\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cLocal Authority-Driven Interventions to Improve the Lives of Slum Dwellers,\u201d Mona Serageldin for UN Millennium Task Force 8<\/a> (Project ID: 2003_10_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\"\u201cDevelopment Corridors and Urban Development Strategies\u201d and \u201cSlum Improvement Strategies and Social Inclusion,\u201d Presentations by Mona Serageldin, 11th United Nations Conference, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20083\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cDevelopment Corridors and Urban Development Strategies\u201d and \u201cSlum Improvement Strategies and Social Inclusion,\u201d Presentations by Mona Serageldin, 11th United Nations Conference, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil<\/a> (Project ID: 2004_06_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\"\u201cQassioun Urban Development Strategy and Improvement Plan,\u201d Technical Framework for Damascus, Syria, 2006-2008 (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20089\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cQassioun Urban Development Strategy and Improvement Plan,\u201d Technical Framework for Damascus, Syria, 2006-2008<\/a> (Project ID: 2006_00_007)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\"\u201cLand-Related Issues, Dhaka, Bangladesh,\u201d Urban Sector Strategy Report for Dhaka and Chittagong, Bangladesh (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20090\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cLand-Related Issues, Dhaka, Bangladesh,\u201d Urban Sector Strategy Report for Dhaka and Chittagong, Bangladesh<\/a> (Project ID: 2006_01_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\"\u201cDelivery of Security of Tenure, Infrastructure Services and Access to Finance Through Community-Based Approaches,\u201d Planning Strategy Report on Albania and El Salvador, 4th World Bank Urban Research Symposium (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20094\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cDelivery of Security of Tenure, Infrastructure Services and Access to Finance Through Community-Based Approaches,\u201d Planning Strategy Report on Albania and El Salvador, 4th World Bank Urban Research Symposium<\/a> (Project ID: 2007_00_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\"\u201cTownship Development Strategy for Emfuleni Municipality,\u201d Technical Assistance to Sedibeng, Gauteng, South Africa (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=200104\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cTownship Development Strategy for Emfuleni Municipality,\u201d Technical Assistance to Sedibeng, Gauteng, South Africa<\/a> (Project ID: 2009_03_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\"\u201cTechnical Assistance to Ezakheni, Ladysmith\/Emnambithi Local Municipality,\u201d Urban Development Strategy, South African Government Neighborhood Development Partnership Grant (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=200106\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cTechnical Assistance to Ezakheni, Ladysmith\/Emnambithi Local Municipality,\u201d Urban Development Strategy, South African Government Neighborhood Development Partnership Grant<\/a> (Project ID: 2010_02_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=200118\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cThe Unplanned Areas Upgrading and Employment Enhancing Programme in Egypt,\u201d Needs Assessment and Activity Design Study for Informal Settlements, 2011-2016<\/a> (Project ID: 2012_10_004)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\"\u201cInclusive Cities and Access to Land, Housing, and Services in Developing Countries,\u201d Urban Development Series, World Bank (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=200121\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cInclusive Cities and Access to Land, Housing, and Services in Developing Countries,\u201d Urban Development Series, World Bank<\/a> (Project ID: 2014_04_001)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-8e094796-67ce-4dfa-904e-9e746971d0e4\" data-mobilecollapse=\"false\" data-desktopcollapse=\"true\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion\">\n                <div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title-wrap\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-0-8e094796-67ce-4dfa-904e-9e746971d0e4\" tabindex=\"0\">\n                    <p class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title ub-content-toggle-title-8e094796-67ce-4dfa-904e-9e746971d0e4\">A History of ITP and IEP Seminars<\/p><div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-toggle-wrap right\"><span class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-state-indicator wp-block-ub-chevron-down\"><\/span>\n                    <\/div><\/div><div role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-content-wrap ub-hide\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-0-8e094796-67ce-4dfa-904e-9e746971d0e4\">\n\n<p style=\"font-size:12px\">Beginning in 1982, the Unit for Housing and Urbanization at Harvard University&#8217;s Graduate School of Design hosted <strong><strong>International Training Programs (ITP)<\/strong><\/strong>, an annual series of 2- to 4-week summer seminars designed to strengthen the decision-making skills of senior professionals in public and private agencies responsible for urban development.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:12px\">The&nbsp;I2UD Digital Library&nbsp;holds curriculum materials for ITPs from&nbsp;<strong>1988<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>1991<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>1994<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>1995<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>1997<\/strong>,&nbsp;and&nbsp;<strong>1998<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul style=\"font-size:12px\"><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=2009\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"ek-link\"><strong>ITP 1988:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u201cHousing Affordability: Project Appraisal and Program Structure\u201d with Boston Redevelopment Authority Site Visit and Documentation<\/a> (Project ID: 1988_00_002)<\/li><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20022\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"ek-link\"><strong>ITP 1991:<\/strong>&nbsp;Development Strategies for Urban Regeneration of Old Urban Fabric: Case Studies and Curriculum<\/a> (Project ID: 1991_07_001)<\/li><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20032\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"ek-link\"><strong>ITP 1994:<\/strong>&nbsp;Revitalization in Older Urban Spaces: Upham\u2019s Corner, Dorchester, Boston, South Boston, New Haven (USA); Montpellier (France), Cork (Ireland), Case Studies and Curriculum<\/a> (Project ID: 1994_07_001)<\/li><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20039\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"ek-link\"><strong>ITP 1995:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u201cLinking Economic and Physical Development Strategies Intergovernmental Responsibilities in the Context of Decentralization\u201d<\/a> (Project ID: 1995_06_001)<\/li><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20045\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"ek-link\"><strong>ITP 1997:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u201cSouth Boston Metropolitan Area Community Housing,\u201d Case Studies and Curriculums<\/a> (Project ID: 1997_00_002)<\/li><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20048\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"ek-link\"><strong>ITP 1998:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u201cThe Role of Public\/Private Partnerships in Urban Improvements,\u201d with Case Studies on Kreuzberg, Berlin (Germany), GIS Mapping on Cape Cod (US), and the Maarouf Quarter of Cairo (Egypt)<\/a> (Project ID: 1998_07_001)<\/li><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=2003\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"ek-link\"><strong>ITPs 1982-2000:<\/strong> Survey of Modules and Curriculum Materials, 1982-2000<\/a> (Project ID: 1982_00_001)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:12px\">The tradition of ITPs continued after 2000, when the Center for Urban Development Studies (CUDS) (a re-organization of the Unit) continued training seminars as&nbsp;<strong>International Education Programs (IEP)&nbsp;<\/strong>from<strong>&nbsp;2000-2004<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul style=\"font-size:12px\"><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20059\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"ek-link\"><strong>IEP 2000:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u201cBoston, Massachusetts: Strategic Plans and Community Participation,\u201d Case Studies and Curriculum<\/a> (Project ID: 2000_08_002)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20061\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\"><strong>IEP October 2000:&nbsp;<\/strong>\u201cSeminar on Strategic Planning for Urban Revitalization and Local Development\u201d in Pretoria, South Africa<\/a> (Project ID: 2000_10_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20062\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\"><strong>IEP 2000-2001:<\/strong>&nbsp;Seminar on Urban Planning and Local Economic Development for Romania (UPLED), for Oradea, Iasi and Foc\u0219ani, Romania, 2001<\/a> (Project ID: 2001_03_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20063\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\"><strong>IEP May 2001:&nbsp;<\/strong>\u201cInfrastructure Planning and Partnerships for Local Economic Development,\u201d Eastern Cape, South Africa<\/a> (Project ID: 2001_05_001)<\/li><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20066\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"ek-link\"><strong>IEP August 2001:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u201cInfrastructure Planning and Partnerships for Local Economic Development\u201d in Pretoria, South Africa<\/a> (Project ID: 2001_08_003)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:12px\">Programs included inter-linked modules, lectures, case studies, interactive computer simulation models, site visits to urban projects, discussion groups and networking with professional counterparts from international metropolitan regions. Sessions had a modular format and structured team teaching, taught by a team of senior faculty and guest lecturers. Programs ended with a synthesis presented through a project evaluation exercise. Participants used case projects to examine strategies from the viewpoint of both public and private partners \u2014 to assess the feasibility and potential impacts of policies and projects on the community and the city. Presentations by guest speakers, representing U.S. and international agencies, NGOs, and community groups, were also integrated within the pedagogic framework of each module.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-7d682d84-5f75-42ef-a8e2-35f20be6d123\" data-mobilecollapse=\"false\" data-desktopcollapse=\"true\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion\">\n                <div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title-wrap\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-0-7d682d84-5f75-42ef-a8e2-35f20be6d123\" tabindex=\"0\">\n                    <p class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title ub-content-toggle-title-7d682d84-5f75-42ef-a8e2-35f20be6d123\">Related by: Housing<\/p><div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-toggle-wrap right\"><span class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-state-indicator wp-block-ub-chevron-down\"><\/span>\n                    <\/div><\/div><div role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-content-wrap ub-hide\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-0-7d682d84-5f75-42ef-a8e2-35f20be6d123\">\n\n<ul class=\"has-ek-indent\" style=\"font-size:12px;--ek-indent:20px\"><li><a aria-label=\"ITP 1988: \u201cHousing Affordability: Project Appraisal and Program Structure,\u201d with Boston Redevelopment Authority Site Visit (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=2009\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">ITP 1988: \u201cHousing Affordability: Project Appraisal and Program Structure,\u201d with Boston Redevelopment Authority Site Visit<\/a> (Project ID: 1988_00_002)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20013\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">Design Studio 1989: \u201cRabat\u2019s Urban Fringe,\u201d Urbanization Analysis of Rabat, Morocco, Seminar Curriculum<\/a> (Project ID: 1989_01_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20014\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cEnvironmental Health Factors in Housing,\u201d Design Study for the Rapid Urbanization of Low-Income Settlements in Urban-Fringe Districts<\/a> (Project ID: 1989_07_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">&#8220;Second Urban Project,&#8221; Urban Development Study Proposals for Conakry, Republic of Guinea<\/a> (Project ID: 1990_01_002)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cStrategy for Technical Assistance and Training: Housing and Land Management in Poland,\u201d Technical Assistance Report by Mona Serageldin<\/a> (Project ID: 1992_00_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cReview of Ongoing USAID Shelter Sector Activities in Morocco,\u201d Report by Mona Serageldin for USAID\/Morocco Office of Housing and Urban Programs, 1992-1998<\/a> (Project ID: 1992_00_004)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">Design Studio 1993: \u201cRabat\u2019s Urban Fringe,\u201d Rabat, Morocco, Seminar Curriculum<\/a> (Project ID: 1993_00_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20028\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cThe Use of Land and Infrastructure in the Self-Improvement Strategies of Urban Lower Income Families,\u201d Paper by Mona Serageldin, UN-Habitat Fourteenth Commission Report<\/a> (Project ID: 1993_05_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20031\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">Design Studio 1994: \u201cA New Urban Center for Adjame, Abidjan, Ivory Coast,\u201d Seminar Curriculum<\/a> (Project ID: 1994_01_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20035\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">Design Studio 1995: \u201cUrban Regeneration and Housing in a Transitional Economy: Lublin, Poland,\u201d Seminar Curriculum<\/a> (Project ID: 1995_00_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20036\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cCommunity-Based Urbanization and Favelas Rehabilitation Processes,\u201d Case Study for Fortaleza, Brazil<\/a> (Project ID: 1995_00_006)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20038\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cCommunity Based Credit for Housing, Infrastructure, and Microenterprises,\u201d Micro-Finance Housing Shortage Study for Quito, Ecuador<\/a> (Project ID: 1995_03_003)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20041\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">Design Studio 1996: \u201cStrategic Urban Redevelopment in a Transitional Economy in Gdansk, Poland,\u201d Seminar Curriculum<\/a> (Project ID: 1996_01_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20045\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">ITP 1997: \u201cSouth Boston Metropolitan Area Community Housing,\u201d Case Studies from Boston, Massachusetts<\/a> (Project ID: 1997_00_002)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20047\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">City of Boston\u2019s \u201cNeighborhood Partnership Initiative\u201d &amp; \u201cMain Street Program,\u201d Urban Revitalization for Roslindale and West Roxbury, Boston, United States<\/a> (Project ID: 1997_05_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20051\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cHousing Microfinance Initiatives,\u201d Case Study for USAID Microenterprise Best Practices Initiative, 1999-2000<\/a> (Project ID: 1999_00_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\"\u201cMigration, Remittances and Housing in Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d Study on Senegal, Kenya, and South Africa with SIDA, 2007-2008 (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20096\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cMigration, Remittances and Housing in Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d Study on Senegal, Kenya, and South Africa with SIDA, 2007-2008<\/a> (Project ID: 2007_07_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20098\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">Executive Education Program 2007: \u201cStrategic Planning for Sustainable Human Settlements,\u201d Pretoria, South Africa<\/a> (Project ID: 2007_11_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=200100\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cImprovement Strategies for Affordable Housing in Yerevan, Armenia,\u201d Development Strategy<\/a> (Project ID: 2008_01_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=200104\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cTownship Development Strategy for Emfuleni Municipality,\u201d Technical Assistance to Sedibeng, Gauteng, South Africa<\/a> (Project ID: 2009_03_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=200107\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">ICLRD: Urban Reconciliation Case Studies for Public Housing Estates in Ireland and Northern Ireland, with Study Profile on the Basel Metropolitan Area, 2010-2012<\/a> (Project ID: 2010_05_001)<\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=200122\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">UN-Habitat Spatial Regional Plan and Assessment for the Kurdistan-Iraq Region Housing Program<\/a> (Project ID: 2014_06_001)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-f68d22dd-ef2a-4278-8a3e-c8e3b536f2a5\" data-mobilecollapse=\"false\" data-desktopcollapse=\"true\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion\">\n                <div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title-wrap\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-0-f68d22dd-ef2a-4278-8a3e-c8e3b536f2a5\" tabindex=\"0\">\n                    <p class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title ub-content-toggle-title-f68d22dd-ef2a-4278-8a3e-c8e3b536f2a5\">Related by: City or Community Case Studies<\/p><div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-toggle-wrap right\"><span class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-state-indicator wp-block-ub-chevron-down\"><\/span>\n                    <\/div><\/div><div role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-content-wrap ub-hide\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-0-f68d22dd-ef2a-4278-8a3e-c8e3b536f2a5\">\n\n<ul class=\"has-ek-indent\" style=\"font-size:12px;--ek-indent:20px\"><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=200131\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cPlanning for Climate Adaptation Program\u201d for Four Dominican Republic Municipalities<\/a> (Project ID: 2015_10_002)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=200124\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cNational Urban Policies in Arab States,\u201d Regional Assessment and Case Studies on NUPs in Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, and Sudan<\/a> (Project ID: 2014_08_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=200114\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cArusha Urbanization Strategy and Urban Development Plan,\u201d Development Strategy for Arusha Municipality, Tanzania<\/a> (Project ID: 2012_01_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=200107\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">ICLRD: Urban Reconciliation Case Studies for Public Housing Estates in Ireland and Northern Ireland, with Study Profile on the Basel Metropolitan Area<\/a> (Project ID: 2010_05_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20093\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">Executive Training Course 2006: \u201cStrategic Planning for Sustainable Infrastructure Development,\u201d Workshop Curriculum with Case Studies, Pretoria, South Africa<\/a> (Project ID: 2006_11_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20077\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">IEP 2003: \u201cInfrastructure and Partnerships for Local Economic Development\u201d in Pretoria and Bloemfontein, South Africa<\/a> (Project ID: 2003_08_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20070\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">IEP 2002: \u201cStrategic Planning for Local Development &amp; Urban Revitalization,\u201d Program Overview<\/a> (Project ID: 2002_01_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20068\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">&#8220;Indicators of Performance for Local Development,&#8221; Case Study on the LITMUS Programme by the Borough of Southwark, London, 2001<\/a> (Project ID: 2001_09_003)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20053\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">Workshops on \u201cStrategic Planning and Management of Municipal Infrastructure Programs,\u201d from Review of Grant-Funded MIPs in South Africa<\/a> (Project ID: 1999_05_002)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20051\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cHousing Microfinance Initiatives,\u201d Case Study for USAID Microenterprise Best Practices Initiative<\/a> (Project ID: 1999_00_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20048\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">ITP 1998: \u201cThe Role of Public\/Private Partnerships in Urban Improvements,\u201d with Case Studies on Kreuzberg, Berlin (Germany), GIS Mapping on Cape Cod (US), and the Maarouf Quarter of Cairo (Egypt)<\/a> (Project ID: 1998_07_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20043\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cCity of Szczecin Capital Improvement Program,\u201d Case Studies for Technical Assistance Program, Szczecin, Poland<\/a> (Project ID: 1996_06_002)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20032\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">ITP 1994: \u201cRevitalization in Older Urban Spaces,\u201d Upham\u2019s Corner, Dorchester, Boston, South Boston, and New Haven (US); Montpellier (France); and Cork (Ireland) with Case Studies<\/a> (Project ID: 1994_07_001)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20033\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">\u201cIntroduction to Local Finances,\u201d Teaching Monographs and Case Studies on Finance Management, 1994-1999<\/a> (Project ID: 1994_07_002)<\/li><li><a aria-label=\"&quot;Regularizing the Informal Land Development Process,&quot; International Case Studies for the USAID Office of Housing and Urban Programs, Mona Serageldin, 1990 (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?p=20021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">&#8220;Regularizing the Informal Land Development Process,&#8221; International Case Studies for the USAID Office of Housing and Urban Programs, Mona Serageldin<\/a> (Project ID: 1990_10_001)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\t\t\t\t<![CDATA[]]>\t\t<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_editorskit_title_hidden":false,"_editorskit_reading_time":1,"_editorskit_typography_data":{"meta":{"disabled":true}},"_editorskit_blocks_typography":"","_editorskit_is_block_options_detached":false,"_editorskit_block_options_position":"{}","ub_ctt_via":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[442,443,1310,13,20,56,21,114,1875,116,1883,1884,60,1886,212,115,1787,1788,113,1865,214],"tags":[1603,1576,1516,1623,1518,1547,1681,1695,1546,1630,1494,1530],"featured_image_src":null,"author_info":{"display_name":"lib1","author_link":"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/?author=4"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20051"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=20051"}],"version-history":[{"count":33,"href":"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20051\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":229048,"href":"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20051\/revisions\/229048"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=20051"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=20051"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/library.i2ud.org\/library\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=20051"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}