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ICLRD Briefing Papers 2012-2016: “Implementation of River Basin Management Plans” and “Applying the Functional Territories Concept: Planning Beyond Borders”

Abstract

The International Centre for Local and Regional Development (ICLRD) published two short Briefing Papers in 2012 and 2016. The articles explored how various forms of urban planning, enacted at different spatial scales, could contribute to better collaboration on the pressing issues facing both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland.

Documents include: “Implementation of River Basin Management Plans: Current Issues and Future Needs” (2012) and “Applying the Functional Territories Concept: Planning Beyond Borders” (2016).

See related I2UD projects below

Project Year:2012-2016
Project Type:ICLRD Project
Geographic Regions:Ireland / Northern Ireland
Reports:
Authors:Cormac Walsh; John Driscoll; Caroline Creamer; Patricia O’Hara; Karen Keaveney; Caitriona Mullan; Ainhoa González Del Campo; Pádraig Maguire
Sponsors:CroSPlaN, European Union INTERREG IVA
Categories:Reconciliation and Development
  
ID:2012_00_001

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“Improvement Strategies for Affordable Housing in Yerevan, Armenia,” Development Strategy, 2008

Abstract

The Institute for International Urban Development (I2UD) proposed a field-study based Development Strategy “Improvement Strategies for Affordable Housing in Yerevan, Armenia” in 2008 to identify affordable housing solutions for the improvement of living conditions in older neighborhoods of Yerevan. The report specifically addressed upgrading strategies for Soviet-era housing estates in Yerevan, Armenia.

The proposal shows an 8-month schedule for the study, as well as overviews of relevant projects undertaken by I2UD.


[Excerpt, Page 1]

“We are proposing to assist the Municipality of Yerevan in addressing the social housing crisis and developing an appropriate response to the challenge of providing housing that is affordable to the majority of its inhabitants. Yerevan’s situation is unique in being the locus of activity of many successful diaspora developers and emerging local contractors and entrepreneurs. The programs developed must reflect the urban dynamics prevailing in the city, its growth patterns and the vision of its future presented in its plan.”

Project Year:2008
Project Type:Development Strategy
Geographic Regions:Yerevan, Armenia
Reports:Improvement Strategies for Affordable Housing in Yerevan, Armenia: (Draft Proposal, January 2008)
Authors:Mona Serageldin; John Driscoll; Elick Guerra
Sponsors:Municipality of Yerevan
Categories:Informal Settlements and Urban Upgrading
  
ID:2008_01_001
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“Romania Local Governance Bridge Program – Metropolitan Planning and Cooperation in Romania,” USAID-Romania Report for the Association of Romanian Municipal Chief Architects, Ploiesti Metropolitan Area, Romania, 2005

Abstract

Team members John Driscoll and François Vigier contributed to a USAID-Romania and ARD Inc. report from 2005 on the “Romania Local Governance Bridge Program: Metropolitan Planning and Cooperation in Romania,” by outlining technical assistance approaches to metropolitan development and governance used in Romania. The report identifies the development of approaches best suited to Romania, drawing upon technical assistance previously provided to the Municipality of Oradea and surrounding communes.


[Excerpt]: Introduction and Preface

“This report was developed based on joint missions with John Driscoll, Institute for International Urban Development and Mr. Liviu Ianasi, Vice-Dean of the School of Urban Planning in Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urban Planning and consultant to the Chief Architects Association and Ploiesti municipality.

“This report is based on a request to USAID to help the Municipality of Ploiesti to redefine its approach to implementing metropolitan development—spatial and metropolitan governance—and to assist the Romanian Chief Architects Association to identify different approaches to metropolitan development in Romania. This is part of a larger activity of the association to systematically highlight major challenges on various topics that are relevant to the planning activities of chief architects in Romanian cities.”

“This report is divided into the two major topics of the request for assistance: (a) an overview of metropolitan and inter communal planning approaches in the U.S., the EU and Romania; and (b) a review of current initiatives in Ploiesti and recommendations for subsequent activities. For the purposes of this report, the Association requested that an emphasis be put on reviewing U.S. experiences that could be relevant to the Romanian context. More extensive work on the EU dimension of metropolitan planning and inter-communal cooperation has been undertaken separately by the Chief Architects Association and covered in related work by Romanian consultants working on metropolitan initiatives in Romania. In the last five years, the concept of metropolitan and inter-communal cooperation and the emergence of specific proposals have gained momentum in Romania. There is an emerging body of experience and research within in both the fields of urban and public administration on the topic.”

“This report was developed based on joint missions with Mr. Liviu Ianasi, Vice-Dean of the School of Urban Planning in Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urban Planning and consultant to the Chief Architects Association and Ploiesti municipality… Ms. Simona Munteanu, Chief Architect of the Municipality of Ploiesti, worked with the consultants to review current initiatives for the Ploiesti metropolitan area and develop proposals for further cooperation. The consultants would like to thank ARD-Romania for the assistance provided during the course of this assignment.”

“Professor Francois Vigier, (formerly) Professor Emeritus at the Harvard School of Design and President of the International Institute for Urban Development in Cambridge Massachusetts contributed advice and text to the summary of the experience of metropolitan development in the United States. Ms. Muneanu, Mr. Andrei Luncan, Dr. Arh. Radu Radoslav and other members of the Subcommittee on Metropolitan Cooperation of the Chief Architects Association provided important insights to the current efforts in metropolitan development in Romania. The work of the Association should receive continued support given the potential impact of positively shaping urban growth in Romania. Discussions with Dr. Nicolae Taralunga and Dr. Sorina Racoviceanu of the Institute for Housing and Urban Development.” [End excerpt]

(Reproduced for Education and Research Fair Use. Copyright Information: This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by ARD, Inc. 2005. USAID Task Order 810: USAID Contract No. AEP-I-00-00-00016-00.)

Project Year:2005
Project Type:Policy Paper
Geographic Regions:Ploiești, Romania
Reports: Romania Local Governance Bridge Program: (Report, 2005)
Authors:François Vigier; John Driscoll; Liviu Ianasi
Sponsors:USAID-Romania
Categories:Urban Planning
  
ID:2005_07_001
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“Continuity and Change” by Dr. Mona Serageldin, Topic Paper for 48th World Congress, International Federation for Housing and Planning (IFHP), 2004

Abstract

In 2004, Mona Serageldin prepared remarks in a report titled “Continuity and Change” for a topic panel on “Governance for Urban Change” at the 48th International Federation for Housing and Planning (IFHP) World Congress in Oslo, Norway. Serageldin’s paper addressed change in urban zones and the value of consistency to preserve cultural heritage, in relation to urban dynamics and large migratory flows.

Documents include the report, as well as another IFHP panel presentation by Serageldin, titled “Managing Dynamics on Development and Change.”


[Excerpt: Introduction, “Continuity and Change,” Dr. Mona Serageldin, 2004]

“Culture is now recognized as an important dimension of development. Professor Amartya Sen has convincingly demonstrated this link from the standpoint of an economist and a philosopher. Culture and Development both embody concepts of continuity and change but attitudes vary regarding the value placed on the legacy of the past and the role this legacy should play in shaping the future. Cultural continuity provides a coherent framework which can integrate change while providing anchors that shape identity and references that affect social behavior.”

“The inability to manage change creates disruptions that tend to aggravate cleavages along ethnic, religious and class lines. It also affects governance in that it tends to encourage the transfer of imported models and the establishment of technocratic structures as an expedient solution. Yet devoid of cultural significance, these structures can neither motivate participation nor provide modes of empowerment and end up undermining the development of local institutions.”

“Dr. Ismail Serageldin has argued that the management of change in developing countries which have experienced sudden culturally disruptive transformations requires restoring the coherence of the socio-cultural framework so that it can evolve by incorporating new elements, adapting and responding to new challenges and generating new opportunities. This implies restoring some degree of continuity.”

“This presentation focuses on two major challenges to continuity confronting local authorities in both developing and developed countries: (1) Dealing with increasingly complex urban dynamics and (2) Coping with unprecedented mobility and large migratory flows.”
____

See related I2UD projects below

Project Year:2004
Project Type:Research Paper
Geographic Regions:Oslo, Norway (Conference Location)
Reports:
Authors:Mona Serageldin
Sponsors:Center for Urban Development Studies, Harvard University Graduate School of Design
Categories:Climate Change and Resilience Building
  
ID:2004_09_002

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Design Studio 2003: “Urban Strategies for Economic Recovery: A Revitalization Strategy for New Bedford, Massachusetts,” Seminar Curriculum

Abstract

The Center for Urban Development Studies (CUDS) at Harvard University’s Graduate School of Design offered a Design Studio in Fall 2003, “A Revitalization Strategy for New Bedford Massachusetts,” led by François Vigier and John Driscoll. The seminar gave students a history of revitalization efforts in Boston, Massachusetts, and tasked them with designing their own strategies, addressing both social and physical problems in the community environment.

Documents include a summary paper on “Urban Strategies for Economic Recovery,” as well as curriculum documents for “A Revitalization for New Bedford, Massachusetts.” A seminar overview document contains an introduction, course schedule, and charts. A series of presentations provide material on Boston’s projects, with images, statistics, and a timeline.


[Excerpt: Background Presentation, for “Urban Strategies for Economic Recovery,” p. 1, 2.]

Background
“Boston’s economy has been closely linked to its educational institutions. The region is a dynamic center of knowledge. It has no less than 65 colleges and universities. Since 1970, the city has gone through a full economic cycle twice rebounding from deep recession on the strength of innovation and skills. Throughout the 60’s and 70’s the government funded/research at the universities led to the emergence of new high-tech industries, mainly electronics and computer firms. This economic resurgence followed the loss of traditional manufacturing to lower wage regions in the South.”

….

Massachusetts’ Strategic Plan: “Choosing to Compete” as a Strategic Objective.
“Choosing to Compete was the culmination of several years’ effort between the State of Massachusetts, the City of Boston, academic institutions and the business community to understand the State’s economic situation and prospects and to develop a public-private strategy to support economic recovery. Fourteen conferences were held by the State and the University of Massachusetts bringing government officials and civil servants together with business, academic and community leaders. Extensive research and analysis of the economy was carried out jointly by government, academic and private firms. The result was a strategy that starts with an in-depth understanding of the competitive position and future prospects of Massachusetts’ key industries and defines government’s role as a partner with the private sector in making the state’s business sector more competitive in a globalized economy.

“Choosing to Compete” sets out a strategy for how government can enable and assist the private enterprise which drives the economy. It focuses on nurturing the growth of industries which export goods and services to other states or nations and thus bring money into the state and constitute the foundation of its economic development. These industries include manufacturing but also services ranging from tourism to finance and business services like environmental and other consulting firms, to educational institutions which attract students from around the world. If this economic base grows, the local industries which serve it will also grow – industries like construction, retail and wholesale trade, and personal services. Government should not focus its efforts on growing these local industries except in situations where it is attempting to stimulate business development in disadvantaged communities. If the base economy grows, the local economy should automatically grow with it.”
___

See related I2UD projects below

Project Year:2003
Project Type:Urban Design Studio
Geographic Regions:New Bedford, Massachusetts, USA
Reports:
Authors:François Vigier; John Driscoll
Sponsors:Center for Urban Development Studies, Harvard University Graduate School of Design
Categories:Design Studios; Education
  
ID:2003_09_001

Related I2UD Projects

Gallery 15: United States: Boston, Massachusetts (1994-1997)

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“Reintroducing the Spatial Dimension in the Planning and Management of Latin American Cities,” Lecture Presentation by Yves Cabannes, 2003

Abstract

In March 2003, the Center for Urban Development Studies (CUDS) at Harvard University’s Graduate School of Design offered a lecture presented by Yves Cabannes, the Regional Coordinator for Latin America and the Caribbean, as part of the Urban Management Program for Latin America and the Caribbean from UN-Habitat. The lecture covers past and current planning of spatial dimensions in Latin American cities and highlights the importance of spatial factors in social integration. It also touches on the significance of citizen participation and of partnerships among civil society, governments, and private sectors.

Presentation topics include:

  • Land use plans in the 90s;
  • (Mono) sector approaches to planning;
  • Strategic City Planning (Barcelona);
  • Influence of UN and Global Agenda in the 90s; and
  • Participatory Action Planning with spatial dimension.

The presentation addresses principles behind the term social inclusion, as “a multidimensional problem: territorial (physical), legal, social, cultural, economic and racial,” going beyond just poverty. The presentation detailed four examples of urban upgrading projects that sought to solve issues of social exclusion and housing shortages in Ecuador, Mexico, Brazil, and Argentina.


[Excerpt: Presentation, Experiences 1-5, lessons in social inclusion from urban development projects in Latin American cities]

“Lessons from some experiences addressing at the same time the global development of the city, the inclusion of the poor communities in the perspective of building democratic, productive and inclusive cities.”

Experience 1: Comunidades, Fortaleza Metropolitan Region, Brazil.

Experience 2: Neighborhood Improvement Participatory Action Planning (City Consultation) in Mesa Los Hornos, Mexico City, Mexico, (1998-2000).

Experience 3: Mapping the social exclusion at city level: Exclusion and Inclusion Map of Santo André, Brazil.

Experience 4: The Spatial dimension of Social inclusion: Integrated Program for Social Inclusion, Santo André, Brazil.

Experience 5: Optimization of Vacant Land in Rosario, Argentina.
___

Project Year:2003
Project Type:Public Lecture
Geographic Regions:Fortaleza and Santo André, Brazil / Rosario, Argentina / Mexico City, Mexico / Quito, Ecuador
Reports:
Reintroducing the Spatial Dimension in the Planning and Management of Latin American Cities: (Presentation)
Authors:Yves Cabannes
Sponsors:Center for Urban Development Studies, Harvard University Graduate School of Design
Categories:Reconciliation and Development, Urban Planning
  
ID:2003_03_001

Related I2UD Projects

Gallery 4: Chile: Santiago, Concepción, and Talcahuano (1992-1993)

Gallery 16: Venezuela: Caracas (1989)

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“Assessment of Participatory Budgeting in Brazil,” Research Assessment, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 2001-2003

Abstract

A study team at the Center for Urban Development Studies (CUDS) at Harvard University’s Graduate School of Design contributed the report on “Assessment of Participatory Budgeting in Brazil: The Experience of the Participatory Budget In Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil,” assessing the extent of citizen involvement fostered by participatory budgeting. The report measured the efficiency of resource allocation in local planning and management within Brazilian communities in Rio Grande do Sul.

Documents include a 2001 summary of research on Rio Grande do Sul and a 2003 final report with accompanying Annexes.

Excerpt: 1.0 Executive Summary, p. 8

The main objective of the study is to assess the extent to which participatory budgeting (OP, or Participatory Budget is “Orcamento Participativo,” or Particatory ) is fostering the efficient and democratic allocation of resources and citizen involvement in the planning and management of their localities. The report draws upon extensive field research undertaken by the Center for Urban Development Studies in: Porto Alegre (population 1.3 million), the initiator of the OP in 1989; Gravatai (population 230,000), an industrial city in the Porto Alegre metropolitan area; Caxias do Sul (population 360,000) an urban center in a predominately rural area; Belo Horizonte (population 2.1 million), which implemented the first participatory housing budget (OPH); Santo Andre, (population 650,000), in the Sao Paulo metropolitan region, the city which has interlinked its participatory planning and budgeting processes; and, Rio Grande do Sul (population 10.2 million), the only state to have successfully implemented participatory budgeting.”

Project Year:2001-2003
Project Type:Research Paper
Geographic Regions:Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Reports:
Authors:Mona Serageldin; John Driscoll; Liz Meléndez San Miguel; Luis Valenzuela; Consuelo Bravo; Elda Solloso; Clara Solá-Morales; Thomas Watkin; Yves Cabannes; Maria Gezica Baladares; Tarson Núñez; André Passos
Sponsors:Inter-American Development Bank
Categories:Informal Settlements and Urban Upgrading
  
ID:2001_09_001

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“Indicators of Performance for Local Development,” Case Study on the LITMUS Programme by the Borough of Southwark, London, 2001

Abstract

Team members at the Center for Urban Development Studies (CUDS) at Harvard University’s Graduate School of Design, Barry Shaw and Clare Wright, developed a case study in 2001 examining the Local Indicators to Monitor Urban Sustainability (LITMUS) program adopted by the London Borough of Southwark. The report sought to document indicators used to monitor sustainability in urban communities and to encourage involvement in developing improvement efforts. Documents include a final report and presentation slides.

Excerpt:

Case Study: The Litmus Programme: “This paper discusses the use of local indicators beginning with the LITMUS programme developed for the London Borough of Southwark (LBS). It draws on the work of The New Economic Foundation (NEF). The authors acknowledge the assistance of Sanjiv Lingayah and Florian Sommer, both of NEF, and Julie Tallantire of LBS in drawing up this Case Study.

Introduction: “A key feature of UK regeneration projects focused on areas of multiple deprivation is the engagement of the local community in identifying the problems and helping manage the solutions with the aim of creating a more sustainable improvement in their living conditions. It is an approach that brings together the concepts of strategic partnerships and Local Agenda 21. Measuring the effectiveness of the approach has been difficult, especially in the most deprived areas with large numbers of residents from ethnic minority groups.”

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Project Year:2001
Project Type:Research Paper
Geographic Regions:Southwark, London, United Kingdom
Reports:
Authors:Barry Shaw; Clare Wright
Sponsors:Center for Urban Development Studies, Harvard University Graduate School of Design
Categories:Urban Planning
  
ID:2001_09_003

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IEP August 2001: “Infrastructure Planning and Partnerships for Local Economic Development,” Pretoria, South Africa, International Education Programs, 2001

Abstract

The Center for Urban Development Studies (CUDS) at Harvard University’s Graduate School of Design developed curriculum on “Infrastructure Planning and Partnerships for Local Economic Development” for its August 2001 International Education Program (IEP) held in Pretoria, South Africa. Materials for the seminar included a workshop discussion guide and case studies and excerpts of past CUDS research. Some materials were repeated or reworked from previous IEP and ITP sessions.

See related I2UD projects below

Project Year:2001
Project Type:IEP; Education
Geographic Regions:Pretoria, South Africa (Workshop Location)
Reports:
Authors:Mona Serageldin; Sameh Wahba
Sponsors:Center for Urban Development Studies, Harvard University Graduate School of Design
Categories:International Education Program; Education
  
ID:2001_08_003

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Beginning in 1982, the Unit for Housing and Urbanization at Harvard University’s Graduate School of Design hosted International Training Programs (ITP), an annual series of 2- to 4-week summer seminars designed to strengthen the decision-making skills of senior professionals in public and private agencies responsible for urban development.

The I2UD Digital Library holds curriculum materials for ITPs from 1988, 1991, 1994, 1995, 1997, and 1998:

The tradition of ITPs continued after 2000, when the Center for Urban Development Studies (CUDS) (a re-organization of the Unit) continued training seminars as International Education Programs (IEP) from 2000-2004:

Programs included inter-linked modules, lectures, case studies, interactive computer simulation models, site visits to urban projects, discussion groups and networking with professional counterparts from international metropolitan regions. Sessions had a modular format and structured team teaching, taught by a team of senior faculty and guest lecturers. Programs ended with a synthesis presented through a project evaluation exercise. Participants used case projects to examine strategies from the viewpoint of both public and private partners — to assess the feasibility and potential impacts of policies and projects on the community and the city. Presentations by guest speakers, representing U.S. and international agencies, NGOs, and community groups, were also integrated within the pedagogic framework of each module.

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IEP 2000-2001: Seminar on Urban Planning and Local Economic Development for Romania (UPLED), for Oradea, Iasi and Focșani, Romania, International Education Programs, 2001

Abstract

CUDS developed an International Education Program (IEP) seminar for the Romanian Urban Planning and Local Economic Development Program (UPLED), in 2000 and 2001 in Romania. The programs assisted the three Cities of Oradea, Iași, and Focșani to formulate city development strategies and adopt improved urban management practices in support of local economic development in Romania.

The seminar from September 19-23, 2001 for the city of Oradea, Romania was organized in association with the Research Triangle Institute Romania and the USAID Local Government Assistance Program, with support from the Open Society Foundation and Partners Foundation for Local Development.

The seminar from March 20-23, 2001 for the city of Iași, Romania was co-organized by the City of Iasi and Harvard University Graduate School of Design, Center for Urban Development Studies, in Association with The Research Triangle Institute, and the USAID Local Government Assistance Program.

Documents include these seminar materials, and a letter from the Mayor of Iași to the USAID Mission Director regarding the UPLED seminar, and case studies.

See related I2UD projects below

Project Year:2000-2001
Project Type:IEP; Education
Geographic Regions:Romania (Oradea, Iași, and Focșani)
Reports:
—

Authors:David Jones; François Vigier; John Driscoll; Liviu Ianasi, Alexandru Sandu; Georgeta Stirbu; Adrian Cuperman; Cristina Costin; Carmen Grosu; Sorin Caian; Katalin Pallai; Viorica Serbu; Ion Oancea; Mircea Grigorovschi; Victor Giosan; Daniela Olaru; Violeta Balica; Robert Kehew; Oradea Mayor Petru Filip; Tanase Miculescu; Andrei Krausz; Andrei Luncan; Claudia Pamfil
Sponsors:RTI International; USAID Local Government Assistance Program; Open Society Foundation; Partners Foundation for Local Developement
Categories:International Education Program; Executive Training Program; Education
  
ID:2001_03_001

Related I2UD Projects

Beginning in 1982, the Unit for Housing and Urbanization at Harvard University’s Graduate School of Design hosted International Training Programs (ITP), an annual series of 2- to 4-week summer seminars designed to strengthen the decision-making skills of senior professionals in public and private agencies responsible for urban development.

The I2UD Digital Library holds curriculum materials for ITPs from 1988, 1991, 1994, 1995, 1997, and 1998:

The tradition of ITPs continued after 2000, when the Center for Urban Development Studies (CUDS) (a re-organization of the Unit) continued training seminars as International Education Programs (IEP) from 2000-2004:

Programs included inter-linked modules, lectures, case studies, interactive computer simulation models, site visits to urban projects, discussion groups and networking with professional counterparts from international metropolitan regions. Sessions had a modular format and structured team teaching, taught by a team of senior faculty and guest lecturers. Programs ended with a synthesis presented through a project evaluation exercise. Participants used case projects to examine strategies from the viewpoint of both public and private partners — to assess the feasibility and potential impacts of policies and projects on the community and the city. Presentations by guest speakers, representing U.S. and international agencies, NGOs, and community groups, were also integrated within the pedagogic framework of each module.

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IEP August 2000: “Boston, Massachusetts: Strategic Plans and Community Participation,” International Education Programs, 2000

Abstract

The Center for Urban Development Studies (CUDS) at Harvard University’s Graduate School of Design conducted an International Education Program (IEP) on “Boston, Massachusetts: Strategic Plans and Community Participation” in August 2000. The curriculum for the program included case studies and project summaries from influential offices and agencies from Boston, Massachusetts, United States. Many case studies were replicated for later years of the IEP program.

Multiple curriculum components are contained in each document. See individual cover pages for full section indexes, or the Program Reference Materials List (Volume 1 Index). For example, the document “Boston Strategic Plans and Community Participation (Case Studies)” contains multiple works:

  • A Civic Vision for Turnpike Air Rights (Strategic Development Study Committee, Boston Redevelopment Authority Boston, MA, 2000)
  • Private/Public Development of South Station (Center for Urban Development Studies, Cambridge, MA, 1995)
  • Boston 400 Guide to Community Participation (Boston Redevelopment Authority, Boston, MA, Summer 1999)
  • Choosing to Compete: A Statewide Strategy for Job Creation and Economic Growth: Executive Summary (Executive Office of Economic Affairs, Commonwealth of Massachusetts, May 1993)

See related I2UD projects below

Project Year:2000
Project Type:IEP; Education
Geographic Regions:Boston, Massachusetts, US / Providence, Rhode Island, USA / New York Metropolitan Area, USA / Paris, France / Szczecin, Poland / Tirana, Albania / St. Petersburg, Russia
Reports:
Authors:François Vigier; Mona Serageldin; John Driscoll; David Jones; Christopher Rogers; Kath Phelan; Linda Haar; Thomas Nally; Carol R. Johnson; Deborah Goddard; Richard Henderson; Martin Nee; Jorge Martinez; David Knowles; Margaret Thalwitz; Robert Yaro; Kimberley Wilson
Sponsors:Center for Urban Development Studies, Harvard University Graduate School of Design
Categories:International Education Program; Education
  
ID:2000_08_002

Related I2UD Projects

Beginning in 1982, the Unit for Housing and Urbanization at Harvard University’s Graduate School of Design hosted International Training Programs (ITP), an annual series of 2- to 4-week summer seminars designed to strengthen the decision-making skills of senior professionals in public and private agencies responsible for urban development.

The I2UD Digital Library holds curriculum materials for ITPs from 1988, 1991, 1994, 1995, 1997, and 1998:

The tradition of ITPs continued after 2000, when the Center for Urban Development Studies (CUDS) (a re-organization of the Unit) continued training seminars as International Education Programs (IEP) from 2000-2004:

Programs included inter-linked modules, lectures, case studies, interactive computer simulation models, site visits to urban projects, discussion groups and networking with professional counterparts from international metropolitan regions. Sessions had a modular format and structured team teaching, taught by a team of senior faculty and guest lecturers. Programs ended with a synthesis presented through a project evaluation exercise. Participants used case projects to examine strategies from the viewpoint of both public and private partners — to assess the feasibility and potential impacts of policies and projects on the community and the city. Presentations by guest speakers, representing U.S. and international agencies, NGOs, and community groups, were also integrated within the pedagogic framework of each module.

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“Mauritanian National Urban Development Strategy,” Policy Action Plan for Nouakchott, Nouadhibou, and Kaédi, Mauritania, 2000 (French)

Abstract

In 2000, the Center for Urban Development Studies (CUDS) at Harvard University’s Graduate School of Design provided assistance in formulating the “Mauritanian National Urban Development Strategy” and policy action plan for Mauritania. This project originated from the Mauritanian “Seminar on Urban Planning and Management,” led by CUDS in 1999.

The CUDS team included Mauritanian urban and legal experts and worked closely with local officials on an economic development strategy for the country’s three largest cities (Nouakchott, Nouadhibou, and Kaédi) and on an update to the legislative framework for land tenure and real estate development.

Documents include multiple provisional and progressive reports from May, June, July, August, and October 2000, as well as preliminary documents, all in French.

Project Year:2000
Project Type:Policy Action Plan; Education
Geographic Regions:Nouakchott, Nouadhibou, and Kaédi, Mauritania
Reports:
Authors:François Vigier; Mona Serageldin; Sameh Wahba; Alain Durand-Lasserve; Jacques Carol; Ahmed Salem Ould Bouboutt; Issakha Diagana; Samir Abdulac
Sponsors:World Bank; AMEXTIPE
Categories:International Education Program; Executive Training Program; Education
  
ID:2000_05_001
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“Reconnaissance Report: Local Economic Development,” Regional Planning Survey for Bucharest, Romania, 2000

Abstract

In 2000, John Driscoll and Liviu Ianasi produced a survey report on local planning processes in Bucharest, Romania titled “Local Economic Development: Reconnaissance Report.” The report proposed a technical assistance and capacity-building program for the Bucharest region. It includes an overview of the program objectives and a detailed implementation framework, highlighting tools to assist USAID and RTI International in planning, prioritizing, and selecting projects to foster local economic development in Romania.

Excerpt

Table of Contents:

  • Introduction (p. 2)
  • Country and Urban Context (p. 2)
  • Linkages Between Economic Development and Urban Planning and Land Management (p. 3)
  • Legal and Regulatory Framework for Planning and Land Management (p.p.3)
  • Existing Legislation relating to Urban Planning, Land and Economic Development (p. 6)
  • Institutional Context Related to Economic Development and Urban Planning (p. 7)
  • Municipal Finance and Links to Economic Development (p. 9)
  • Proposed Capacity Building Activities (p.10)
  • Key Areas of Focus (p. 11)
  • Capacity Building Approach (p. 14)
  • Next Steps (p. 15)
  • Framework for Capacity Building and Highlighting Changes for Legislative Action (p. 16)
  • Annex 1. Standard Outline for GUP and Regulations (p. 23)
  • Annex 2. Organizational Chart—Municipal Government (p. 27)
  • Annex 3. Meetings and contacts during the Mission (p. 28)
  • Annex 4 NARD Funding by Source (p. 30)
Project Year:2000
Project Type:Technical Assistance
Geographic Regions:Bucharest, Romania
Reports:Local Economic Development Reconnaissance Report: (March 2000)
Authors:John Driscoll; Liviu Ianasi
Sponsors:RTI International; USAID
Categories:Urban Planning
  
ID:2000_02_001
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“Master Plan for the Revitalization of the Older Urban Fabric,” Preservation in the Old City of Al Qusair, Egypt, 2000

Abstract

In 2000, the Center for Urban Development Studies (CUDS) at Harvard University’s Graduate School of Design produced a planning program that encouraged both economic urban development and historic district revitalization for the preservation of the Old City of Al Qusair, Egypt.

The revitalization program focused on the recently restored major Ottoman fort, archeological excavations of Pharaonic settlements, and tourism development along the Red Sea coast. The CUDS survey emphasized the benefits of a revitalization plan to enact an “operational strategy for the revitalization of Qusair’s old urban fabric” and to “ensure its integration within the official master plan for Qusair commissioned by the Governor.”

Documents include a Full Report, Questionnaire, Suggested Urban Regulations and Building Code, Intervention List, Action Plan Write Up, and a Statistical analysis.



[Excerpt: The Full Report, The Old City of Qusair]

“The Old City of Qusair is an integral component of the whole city…Between the planned extension and the existing city, uncontrolled expansion is occurring primarily along the main roads. This informal and rather chaotic urbanization is bound to have a negative impact on the environment of both the Old and New Qusair. These settlements house families who lived previously in the older neighborhoods and should be included in future development and upgrading plans at the city scale.”

The documentation and analysis involved “three fundamental determinants of change and transformation of the historic urban fabric”:

1. A thorough understanding of tenure patterns and development dynamics in the city as they affect the historic center.

2. The documentation of economic and socio-cultural changes and their impact on lifestyles, on housing, and commercial activity in the different zones of the study area.

3. The identification of factors prompting property owners, shopkeepers, and households to invest in the improvement of their buildings, shops and dwellings.

See related I2UD projects below

Project Year:2000
Project Type:Master Plan
Geographic Regions:Al Qusair, Egypt
Reports:
Authors:Mona Serageldin; François Vigier; Tarek Waly
Sponsors:Wallenberg Foundations
Categories:Historic Districts
  
ID:2000_00_002

Related I2UD Projects

Galleries 6-7: Egypt: Cairo and Helwan (1986, 1990)

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“St. Petersburg Center City Rehabilitation Project,” Urban Planning Network for St. Petersburg, Russia, 2000

Abstract

The St. Petersburg Center City Rehabilitation Project was a cooperative urban planning network produced through a collaboration between the Center for Urban Development Studies (CUDS) at Harvard University’s Graduate School of Design and professional associates at the Leontief Institute in St. Petersburg, Russia in 2000.

Documents include a summary by Nicholai Zunda of the Leontief Institute, “City of St. Petersburg, Russian Federation Making Municipal Investment More Effective: Principles for the Formation of a Municipal Investment Program.” The summary measured the improvement plans within the St. Petersburg city administration, and estimated the social effectiveness of the program. The Leontief Institute contributed a document titled “Strategy for the Development of the Centre City of St. Petersburg: Plan for Action and Achievement.”

CUDS contractor David C. Jones contributed an Annex to the the Leontief document, titled “Cost Definition and Recovery for Infrastructure, Land and Property.” Leontief’s authors also contributed a case study covering the preparation of the St. Petersburg municipal investment budget, including expenses, sources of revenue, and budgetary processes.

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Project Year:2000
Project Type:Urban Planning Network, Case Study
Geographic Regions:St. Petersburg, Russia
Reports:
Authors:David C. Jones; Nicholai Zunda
Sponsors:Leontief Center, International Centre for Social and Economic Research (ICSER) (St. Petersburg, Russia)
Categories:Historic Districts
  
ID:2000_01_001

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Executive Training Program 1999: Seminar on “Urban Planning and Management” for Executive Officials from Nouadhibou & Nouakchott, Mauritania, 1999

Abstract

The Center for Urban Development Studies (CUDS) at Harvard University’s Graduate School of Design hosted a seminar on “Urban Planning and Management” for a delegation of senior officials from Mauritania, held in Cambridge, Massachusetts in October 1999. The seminar was organized in response to a request from the Agence Mauritanienne d’Exécution des Travaux d’Intérêt Public pour l’Emploi (AMEXTIPE), and led to a formal consultation project by CUDS on recommendations for urban development in October 2000.

In the late 1990s, decentralization initiatives in Mauritania shifted central and local relationships and created new responsibilities for municipalities. Impacted cities under survey included Nouadhibou and Nouakchott. Nouadhibou is the second largest city in Mauritania and serves as a major commercial center, while Nouakchott is the capital and largest city of Mauritania, and serves as the administrative and economic center of Mauritania. Urban issues facing local authorities included increasing urban poverty, demand for urban land, uncontrolled urban development, and underserved communities.

Documents are primarily in French, and include two preliminary reports on Nouadhibou and Nouakchott from 1995 and 1996. A seminar program outline from October 1999 is in English. Also included are copies of the eventual CUDS reports from October 2000. See “Mauritanian National Urban Development Strategy” (Project ID: 2000_05_001) from 2000 for full project documentation.

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Project Year:1999
Project Type:ITP; Education
Geographic Regions:Nouadhibou and Nouakchott, Mauritania
Reports:
Authors:François Vigier (Team Leader); Mona Serageldin; Samir Abdulac; James Kostaras; Sameh Wahba; Jacques Carol; Ahmed Salem Ould Bouboutt; Isakha Diagana
Sponsors:World Bank; AMEXTIPE
Categories:International Education Program; Executive Training Program; Education
  
ID:1999_10_001

Related I2UD Projects

Beginning in 1982, the Unit for Housing and Urbanization at Harvard University’s Graduate School of Design hosted International Training Programs (ITP), an annual series of 2- to 4-week summer seminars designed to strengthen the decision-making skills of senior professionals in public and private agencies responsible for urban development.

The I2UD Digital Library holds curriculum materials for ITPs from 1988, 1991, 1994, 1995, 1997, and 1998:

The tradition of ITPs continued after 2000, when the Center for Urban Development Studies (CUDS) (a re-organization of the Unit) continued training seminars as International Education Programs (IEP) from 2000-2004:

Programs included inter-linked modules, lectures, case studies, interactive computer simulation models, site visits to urban projects, discussion groups and networking with professional counterparts from international metropolitan regions. Sessions had a modular format and structured team teaching, taught by a team of senior faculty and guest lecturers. Programs ended with a synthesis presented through a project evaluation exercise. Participants used case projects to examine strategies from the viewpoint of both public and private partners — to assess the feasibility and potential impacts of policies and projects on the community and the city. Presentations by guest speakers, representing U.S. and international agencies, NGOs, and community groups, were also integrated within the pedagogic framework of each module.

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ITP 1998: “The Role of Public/Private Partnerships in Urban Improvements,” with Case Studies on Kreuzberg, Berlin (Germany), GIS Mapping on Cape Cod (US) and the Maarouf Quarter of Cairo (Egypt), 1998

Abstract

The curriculum components from the 1998 International Training Program (ITP), “The Role of Public/Private Partnerships in Urban Improvements,” include outlines of public and private partnerships for urban improvement initiatives. Case studies include city project overviews of the Kreuzberg District of Berlin; GIS Mapping of Eastham and Wellfleet in Cape Cod, Massachusetts; and the Maarouf Quarter in Cairo, Egypt.

Guest lecturers included: Pat Cusick, Executive Director of South End Neighborhood Action Plan (SNAP); Richard Dimino, Chief Executive Director of Artery Business Committee; Linda Mogelli Haar, Director of Planning and Zoning of Boston Redevelopment Authority; Richard Henderson, Associate Director of Port Planning and Development of Massachusetts Port Authority; James Kostaras, Senior Architect/Planner for Boston Redevelopment Authority.

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Project Year:1998
Project Type:ITP; Education
Geographic Regions:United Kingdom / Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA / Kreuzberg, Berlin, Germany / Maarouf, Cairo, Egypt
Reports:
Authors:Unit Team
Sponsors:Unit for Housing and Urbanization, Harvard University Graduate School of Design
Categories:International Training Program; Education
  
ID:1998_07_001

Related I2UD Projects

Beginning in 1982, the Unit for Housing and Urbanization at Harvard University’s Graduate School of Design hosted International Training Programs (ITP), an annual series of 2- to 4-week summer seminars designed to strengthen the decision-making skills of senior professionals in public and private agencies responsible for urban development.

The I2UD Digital Library holds curriculum materials for ITPs from 1988, 1991, 1994, 1995, 1997, and 1998:

The tradition of ITPs continued after 2000, when the Center for Urban Development Studies (CUDS) (a re-organization of the Unit) continued training seminars as International Education Programs (IEP) from 2000-2004:

Programs included inter-linked modules, lectures, case studies, interactive computer simulation models, site visits to urban projects, discussion groups and networking with professional counterparts from international metropolitan regions. Sessions had a modular format and structured team teaching, taught by a team of senior faculty and guest lecturers. Programs ended with a synthesis presented through a project evaluation exercise. Participants used case projects to examine strategies from the viewpoint of both public and private partners — to assess the feasibility and potential impacts of policies and projects on the community and the city. Presentations by guest speakers, representing U.S. and international agencies, NGOs, and community groups, were also integrated within the pedagogic framework of each module.

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City of Boston’s “Neighborhood Partnership Initiative” & “Main Street Program,” Urban Revitalization for Roslindale and West Roxbury, Boston, United States, 1997

Abstract

The Center for Urban Development Studies at Harvard University’s Graduate School of Design collaborated with the City of Boston on its Neighborhood Partnership Initiative in the late 1990s. The initiative aimed to restructure distressed neighborhoods and revitalize districts in Boston through community organization, the promotion of new economic activity, and housing improvements, including a redesign for Boston’s main streets. Neighborhoods included Washington St/Grove St in West Roxbury and Washington St/West Roxbury Parkway in Roslindale.


[Excerpt: Overview]

Boston, MA:
“Municipalities worldwide have successfully engaged community groups in structured partnerships based on joint definitions of needs and opportunities. Local initiatives programs support and encourage civic leadership and all of them involve a program of shared financial commitments that leverage public and private resources. In the case of Boston, the city and its development agencies created an array of programs to address the needs of the city’s distressed neighborhoods and utilized collaborative approaches that build upon the economic, social, and physical assets in a community.

Boston’s Department of Neighborhood Development (DND) Neighborhood Partnership Initiative (NPI) is an example of a model program that worked actively with neighborhood residents and community organizations to develop coordinated plans for neighborhood preservation and housing improvements. The NPI ended in 1996 and evolved into Boston’s Main Street Program, another partnership program that focuses on the revitalization of business districts in 19 neighborhoods. In Main Streets, the city provides seed funding for a coordinator who works with a board representing local businesses and NGOs in the neighborhood.”

The Neighborhood Partnership Initiative:
“In the 1980s, DND redefined its role from a capital planning agency to a community development agency managing a number of diverse programs. The DND’s goal was to strategically invest resources to build up the strength and vitality of neighborhoods and work directly with community-based organizations to coordinate and implement public improvements, housing, open space, and youth social programs. The Neighborhood Partnership Initiative grew out of a review of existing programs working at the neighborhood level that were not having their desired impact and the realization that DND needed to develop a more focused strategy for allocating scarce public resources.”

Project Year:1997
Project Type:Case Study
Geographic Regions:Boston, Massachusetts, United States
Reports:
Authors:John Driscoll
Sponsors:Center for Urban Development Studies, Harvard University Graduate School of Design
Categories:Informal Settlements and Urban Upgrading
  
ID:1997_05_001

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Design Studio 1997: “Strategic Planning and Local Development,” Seminar Curriculum

Abstract

The Unit for Housing and Urbanization at Harvard University’s Graduate School of Design hosted a Design Studio in Spring 1997, “Strategic Planning and Local Development,” led by Mona Serageldin and John Driscoll. The studio focused on strategies for urban and regional development for less developed nations, within the context of a globalized economy with cities being the engines of growth.

Documents include a workshop overview with objectives and schedule, a reserved materials list, and a bibliography.


[Excerpt: Syllabus Introduction, ‘Strategic Planning and Local Development,’ Spring 1997]

“The seminar will examine strategies for urban and regional development within the context of a globalized economy where cities are the engines of growth. Fierce competition, unavoidable interdependence, fast paced technological change, widening income disparities and environmental degradation are creating new challenges that urban development strategies must address.”

“Concepts and methods of strategic planning as a framework for participation, decision making and resource allocation will be examined focusing on the complementary roles of public and private actors in planning, financing and managing urban development activities in different economic, institutional and cultural settings. Case studies will illustrate proactive strategies to promote urban development, regenerate functionally obsolete areas and revitalized marginalized neighborhoods.

The seminar will examine the expanding scope of public/private partnerships and discuss the changing role of public agencies, private investors, NGOs and community based organizations in the rehabilitation of the built environment and the provision of housing and urban services. Case studies will illustrate sustainable initiatives focusing on the structure of the interface between city, community and the local business sector. The case studies will also highlight critical roles for urban planners and designers in leading and nurturing initiatives relying on empowerment.”

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Project Year:1997
Project Type:Urban Design Studio
Geographic Regions:Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States (Seminar Location) / Cairo Metropolitan Area, Egypt
Reports:
Authors:Mona Serageldin; John Driscoll
Sponsors:Unit for Housing and Urbanization, Harvard University Graduate School of Design
Categories:Design Studios; Education
  
ID:1997_01_001

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Galleries 6-7: Egypt: Cairo and Helwan (1986, 1990)

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Design Studio 1996: “Strategic Urban Redevelopment in a Transitional Economy in Gdansk, Poland,” Seminar Curriculum

Abstract

The Design Studio from Spring 1996, “Strategic Urban Redevelopment in Gdansk, Poland,” was led by Professors Mona Serageldin and David Neilson. The Studio examined urban planning, housing, and development in Poland, economic policies and conditions in the Gdańsk Province, and basic construction costs and building typologies in Gdańsk.

Documents include a detailed Studio overview with course schedule and full report, the full report “Urban Regeneration and Housing in a Transitional Economy: Gdansk, Poland,” and a case study summary, “A Foreign Investor’s Perspective on Strategic Planning and Urban Development in Poland.”

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Project Year:1996
Project Type:Urban Design Studio
Geographic Regions:Gdańsk, Poland
Reports:
Authors:Mona Serageldin; Boguslaw Rutecki; David Neilson; Dariusz Knowski; Janne Corneil; Robert Lach; Boguslaw Trondowski; Anna Zietek
Sponsors:Unit for Housing and Urbanization, Harvard University Graduate School of Design
Categories:Design Studios; Education
  
ID:1996_01_001

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ITP 1995: “Linking Economic and Physical Development Strategies Intergovernmental Responsibilities in the Context of Decentralization,” International Training Programs, 1994″

Abstract

The Unit for Housing and Urbanization at Harvard University’s Graduate School of Design continued their International Training Program (ITP) seminar series in 1995 to aid senior planning officials in improving their decision-making skills. Curriculum components from the 1995 program included a presentation outline, titled “Linking Economic and Physical Development Strategies Intergovernmental Responsibilities in the Context of Decentralization.” Topics covered included:

  1. Evolution of the concept of urban planning in Europe and the United States;
  2. French regional planning: Evolution of a centralized approach linking economic and spatial planning;
  3. The Boston Region: Planning in a Free Enterprise Context;
  4. Project Evaluation Techniques (June 27, 1995)

See related I2UD projects below

Project Year:1995
Project Type:ITP; Education
Geographic Regions:Boston, Massachusetts, US / Paris, France
Reports:ITP 1995: Linking Economic and Physical Development Strategies (Presentation Outlines)
Authors:Unit Team
Sponsors:Unit for Housing and Urbanization, Harvard University Graduate School of Design
Categories:International Training Program; Education
  
ID:1995_06_001

Related I2UD Projects

Beginning in 1982, the Unit for Housing and Urbanization at Harvard University’s Graduate School of Design hosted International Training Programs (ITP), an annual series of 2- to 4-week summer seminars designed to strengthen the decision-making skills of senior professionals in public and private agencies responsible for urban development.

The I2UD Digital Library holds curriculum materials for ITPs from 1988, 1991, 1994, 1995, 1997, and 1998:

The tradition of ITPs continued after 2000, when the Center for Urban Development Studies (CUDS) (a re-organization of the Unit) continued training seminars as International Education Programs (IEP) from 2000-2004:

Programs included inter-linked modules, lectures, case studies, interactive computer simulation models, site visits to urban projects, discussion groups and networking with professional counterparts from international metropolitan regions. Sessions had a modular format and structured team teaching, taught by a team of senior faculty and guest lecturers. Programs ended with a synthesis presented through a project evaluation exercise. Participants used case projects to examine strategies from the viewpoint of both public and private partners — to assess the feasibility and potential impacts of policies and projects on the community and the city. Presentations by guest speakers, representing U.S. and international agencies, NGOs, and community groups, were also integrated within the pedagogic framework of each module.

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“Best Practices and Local Leadership Programme,” Review of International Urban Development Projects, for the United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (UN-Habitat), 1995

Abstract

In 1995, the Unit for Housing and Urbanization (the Unit) at Harvard University’s Graduate School of Design participated in the “Best Practices and Local Leadership Programme” by the the United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (UN-Habitat).

The Programme highlighted international urban development projects as candidates for the UN’s Best Practices database. Documents addressed human settlement case studies in twelve nations: India, Australia, Austria, Kenya, Egypt, Argentina, Norway, Venezuela, Angola, Greece, Scotland, Philippines, Brazil, Germany, Turkey, and South Africa.

The Unit evaluated 28 city programs following UN-Habitat’s Programme goals:

  1. To develop and maintain a knowledge base on best practices in improving the living environment including their corresponding sources of knowledge, experience and expertise;
  2. To promote the dissemination, sharing and exchange of lessons learned from the above-mentioned best practices and others by and amongst all key groups of actors and stakeholders in the human settlement and development process;
  3. To facilitate the transfer of the knowledge, experience and expertise associated with best practices in improving the living environment through new and improved means of cooperation on a north-north, north-south and south-south basis including decentralized forms of cooperation;
  4. To assist scholars and practitioners in their investigation of innovative approaches to urban development.

In addition to 28 national profiles, documents include a ‘Memorandum of Understanding’ between the Unit and Habitat agency, and Best Practices guidelines for pre-screening cases. See an Excerpt from the Memorandum below.


[Excerpt, “Guide to Documenting and Learning from Best Practices,” 1996. Introduction, page 6]

“The Best Practices Initiative began as a world-wide search for human settlements success stories. An official part of the preparatory process for The City Summit – the second United Nations Conference on Human Settlements (Habitat II) – held in Istanbul, Turkey, in June 1996. Best Practices Initiative generated over 600 submissions from 80 countries by the official deadline. These initiatives are testimonials to human ingenuity in the face of the challenges of an urbanizing world.”

“A two-stage, independent selection process produced a list of 104 Best Practices and highlighted 12 initiatives to receive the Tokyo and Dubai Awards for Excellence in Improving the Living Environment. The twelve Award recipients and many other initiatives were also on display at the Best Practices Exhibition, the largest single-theme exposition ever organised by the United Nations. The enthusiasm and interest generated by the Best Practices Initiative has led to its incorporation as an ongoing programme of UNCHS (Habitat): the Best Practices and Local Leadership Programme (BLP). The BLP will operate as a network of leading capacity-building institutions from around the world. Mandated to support the implementation of the Habitat Agenda – the Global Plan of Action adopted at Habitat II – through the continued sharing and transfer of Best Practices knowledge, experience and expertise, the BLP is launching a second call for submissions, culminating in a second round of Awards for Excellence in Improving the Living Environment in October 1998.”

“The purpose of this guide is to provide a framework for identifying, documenting and learning from BEST PRACTICES. In addition, this guide explains how individuals, groups and organizations can participate in a continuous exchange of know-how, experience and expertise in sustainable human settlements development.”

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Project Year:1995
Project Type:UN-Habitat Best Practices and Local Leadership Programme
Geographic Regions:Tamil Nadu and Delhi, India / New South Wales and Queensland, Australia / Vienna, Austria / Jua Kali Sector, Nairobi and Kisumu, Kenya / Helwan and Cairo, Egypt / Tucumán, Argentina / Oslo Old Town, Norway / Caracas, Venezuela / Sambizanga, Angola / Keramitsa and Perama, Greece / Glasgow, Scotland / Naga, Philippines / Santos, São Paulo, Brazil / Potsdam, Mannheim, and Kiel Mettenhof, Germany / Eryaman and Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey / Nkonkobe (Alice), South Africa
Reports:
Authors:François Vigier
Sponsors:Untied Nations Centre for Human Settlements (UN-Habitat)
Categories:Evaluations and Assessments
  
ID:1995_00_007

Related I2UD Projects

Galleries 6-7: Egypt: Cairo and Helwan (1986, 1990)

Gallery 8: Kenya: Mombassa and Nairobi (1987)

Gallery 14: Turkey: Tarsus, Adana, Mersin, Iskenderun, Istanbul, and Batikent (1987)

Gallery 16: Venezuela: Caracas (1989)

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ITP 1994: “Revitalization in Older Urban Spaces,” Upham’s Corner, Dorchester, Boston, South Boston, and New Haven (US); Montpellier (France); and Cork (Ireland) with Case Studies, International Education Programs, 1994

Abstract

Curriculum components from the 1994 International Training Program (ITP), “Revitalization of Older Urban Spaces,” included case studies for developments in Science Park, in New Haven, Connecticut; Dorchester Bay Enterprise Park; Cork’s Historic Center; Montpellier’s Eurocite Technopolis; the Boston Megaplex; South Boston’s Electric Vehicle Manufacturing Facility; and the Upham’s Corner Commercial Revitalization Projects.

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Project Year:1994
Project Type:ITP; Education
Geographic Regions:Boston, Massachusetts, US / New Haven, Connecticut, US / Cork, Ireland / Montpellier, France
Reports:
Authors:Barry Shaw; David Knowles; Bob Haas
Sponsors:Unit for Housing and Urbanization, Harvard University Graduate School of Design
Categories:International Training Program; Education
  
ID:1994_07_001

Related I2UD Projects

Beginning in 1982, the Unit for Housing and Urbanization at Harvard University’s Graduate School of Design hosted International Training Programs (ITP), an annual series of 2- to 4-week summer seminars designed to strengthen the decision-making skills of senior professionals in public and private agencies responsible for urban development.

The I2UD Digital Library holds curriculum materials for ITPs from 1988, 1991, 1994, 1995, 1997, and 1998:

The tradition of ITPs continued after 2000, when the Center for Urban Development Studies (CUDS) (a re-organization of the Unit) continued training seminars as International Education Programs (IEP) from 2000-2004:

Programs included inter-linked modules, lectures, case studies, interactive computer simulation models, site visits to urban projects, discussion groups and networking with professional counterparts from international metropolitan regions. Sessions had a modular format and structured team teaching, taught by a team of senior faculty and guest lecturers. Programs ended with a synthesis presented through a project evaluation exercise. Participants used case projects to examine strategies from the viewpoint of both public and private partners — to assess the feasibility and potential impacts of policies and projects on the community and the city. Presentations by guest speakers, representing U.S. and international agencies, NGOs, and community groups, were also integrated within the pedagogic framework of each module.

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“Introduction to Local Finances,” Teaching Monographs and Case Studies on Finance Management, by Visiting Lecturer David C. Jones, 1994-1999

Abstract

Between 1994 and 1999, David C. Jones was a visiting lecturer at the Unit for Housing and Urbanization at Harvard University’s Graduate School of Design. Jones lead seminars in the Unit’s International Training Programs for urban development practitioners. His contributions from I2UD’s records include the following materials:

Teaching monographs:

  • “Municipal Government and Public Utilities: Financing and Management of Public Sector Infrastructure”
  • “Financial, Economic and Social Impacts of Operational and Development Activities in Urban Communities”
  • “Cost Definition and Recovery for Infrastructure, Land and Property”
  • “Cost Measurement and Pricing of Local Public Services”

Case studies:

  • “Harvardia”
  • “Harvard Yard Development Enterprise (HYDE)”

See related I2UD projects below

Project Year:1994-1999
Project Type:Teaching Monographs
Geographic Regions:Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
Reports:
Authors:David C. Jones
Sponsors:Unit for Housing and Urbanization, Harvard University Graduate School of Design
Categories:Urban Planning; Urban Finance
  
ID:1994_07_002

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“The Use of Land and Infrastructure in the Self-Improvement Strategies of Urban Lower Income Families,” Paper by Mona Serageldin, UN-Habitat Fourteenth Commission Report, May 1993

Abstract

A landmark paper by Mona Serageldin, “The Use of Land and Infrastructure in the Self-Improvement Strategies of Urban Lower Income Families,” was included in the the Fourteenth Commission UNCHS/Habitat Report and presented to the Commission in Nairobi, Kenya in May 1993.

This work presented the self-improvement strategies of families dealing with challenging living conditions as an “intricate and dynamic” part of urban development, conditions which planners should respect. Serageldin’s report drew on her long history of research on urban development in cities globally, using short narrative examples and photos to illustrate specific households in: Abidjan, Amman, Cairo, Jakarta, Karachi, Kinshasa, Quito, Mexico City, Rabat, Surabaya, Tunis, and Boston. The report was sponsored by USAID’s Family and Development Program and Office of Housing and Urban Programs.

Another essay on the same topic was published as USAID Seminar Brief No. 4, “How Urban Families use Infrastructure and Housing in their own Development,” in June 1992. This document summarized Serageldin’s seminar presentation for the USAID Family and Development Initiative Series in April 1992, relaying her indication of trends toward informal housing developments emerging in reaction to rapid urbanization in city populations and housing shortages increasingly becoming a critical issue for low-income families.


[Excerpt: USAID Seminar No. 4. “How Urban Families use Infrastructure and Housing in their own Development,” June 1992.]

“Keeping Families Together: Dr. Serageldin’s longitudinal research in Cairo illustrated the importance of a house as an asset that keeps families together. Vertical expansion of buildings provides space which can be used to house less fortunate family members, such as the elderly, at advantageous terms to all parties. In one case, the rental income saved by a widowed mother living on a relative’s top floor was spent on her children’s school fees while the income generated by this family member from a ground floor shop covered the family’s living expenses.”

Project Year:1993, 1992
Project Type:Research Paper
Geographic Regions:Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire / Amman, Jordan / Cairo, Egypt / Jakarta and Surabaya, Indonesia / Karachi, Pakistan / Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo / Quito, Ecuador / Mexico City, Mexico / Rabat, Morocco / Tunis, Tunisia / Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Reports:
Authors:Mona Serageldin; John Driscoll; María-Luisa Fernández
Sponsors:UN-Habitat; USAID
Categories:Informal Settlements and Urban Upgrading
  
ID:1993_05_001

Related I2UD Projects

Related I2UD Photograph Galleries

Gallery 2: Côte d’Ivoire: Adjamé, Abidjan (1990-1995)

Gallery 5: Congo: Kinshasa (1989)

Galleries 6-7: Egypt: Cairo and Helwan (1986, 1990)

Gallery 13: Tunisia: Tunis (1978-1990)

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“Technical Assistance for Gdansk Technical University Faculty of Architecture,”Curriculum Development, Gdansk, Poland, 1992

Abstract

In January 1992, the Unit for Housing and Urbanization at Harvard University’s Graduate School of Design developed short experimental courses to meet three main objectives in providing technical assistance to faculty at Gdansk Technical University in Poland. Strategy objectives covered included:

  1. Development economics and project feasibility analysis;
  2. Real estate economics and appraisals; and
  3. A development strategy for the Old City of Gdansk.

Short-term recommendations to the curriculum included fostering increased collaboration among teaching units by regrouping them into academic clusters sharing a common body of knowledge, developing new core courses, and strengthening studio projects to include realistic references to the new situation in Poland. Documents include professional training guidelines, proposal, and final report.

See related I2UD projects below

Project Year:1993
Project Type:Technical Assistance
Geographic Regions:Gdańsk, Poland
Reports:
Authors:James Canestaro; Alex Kreiger; Rodolfo Machado; Jerzy Soltan; François Vigier
Sponsors:USAID Office of Housing and Urban Programs
Categories:Education
  
ID:1993_03_001
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“Strategy for Technical Assistance and Training: Housing and Land Management in Poland,” Technical Assistance Report by Dr. Mona Serageldin, for Gdańsk, Gdynia, Kraków, Lublin, Poznań and Szczecin, Poland, 1992

Abstract

The paper “Strategy for Technical Assistance and Training: Housing and Land Management, Poland” was prepared in 1993 by Mona Serageldin, in her capacity as consultant to the International City Management Association (ICMA). Serageldin’s report was based on interviews and meetings with urban infrastructure officials in 6 Polish cities from 1992 (Gdańsk, Gdynia, Kraków, Lublin, Poznań, and Szczecin). The report covers issues relating to housing and land management, strategic planning, infrastructure finance, real estate development, privatization, and the promotion of private sector participation in urban development in Poland. The analysis concluded with a framework for structuring effective local relations to address major municipal finance concerns.

[Excerpt: Preface, page 6; List of Photographs and Illustrations]

See related I2UD projects below

Project Year:1992
Project Type:Technical Assistance Report
Geographic Regions:Poland (Gdańsk, Gdynia, Kraków, Lublin, Poznań, and Szczecin)
Reports:
Strategy for Technical Assistance and Training: Housing and Land Management, Poland (Mona Serageldin, January 1993)
Authors:Mona Serageldin
Sponsors:USAID Regional Housing and Urban Development Office; International City/County Management Association (ICMA)
Categories:Urban Planning
  
ID:1992_00_001

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Design Studio 1992: “Cairo and the Medieval City” and “Urban Regeneration in Medieval Cairo,” in Cairo, Egypt, Seminar Curriculum

Abstract

The Design Studio from Spring 1992, led by François Vigier and Mona Serageldin, focused on urban regeneration in the Medieval sector of Cairo, Egypt.

Two reports used maps and photos to propose preservation solutions for buildings in the Darb Qirmiz area, the Darb al-Asfar area, and the northern Gamalia region of Medieval Cairo. Teaching scenarios included realistic issues as well as illustrative examples. Students modeled these detailed surveys of Cairo’s historic districts in a collaborative report based on their study. This topic was repeated for Design Studios from 1998, 1999, and 2000, hosted by the Unit for Housing and Urbanization at Harvard University’s Graduate School of Design.

Documents from 1992 include a full Report on “Cairo and the Medieval City” prepared by Vigier and Serageldin, followed by a student paper on “Medieval Cairo” by Eurico Francisco and Georg Schrom. Also included is a contextual overview titled “Urban Context: The Greater Cairo Region.”

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Project Year:1992
Project Type:Urban Design Studio
Geographic Regions:Medieval Cairo, Egypt (Darb Qirmiz, Darb Al-Asfar, and Gamalia Quarters)
Reports:
Authors:Mona Serageldin; François Vigier; Eurico Francisco; Georg Schrom; Jana Pereau; Katherine Dunham; Catherine Miller; Christophe Drumain; Siew-Leng Fun; Christopher Lane; Muhammad Abdus Sabur; Markus Leibenath; Yu-Hua Wang; Darlene van der Breggen; Stefanie Wagstaff; Samy Zaghloul
Sponsors:Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture
Categories:Design Studios; Education
  
ID:1992_00_002

Related I2UD Projects

Galleries 6-7: Egypt: Cairo and Helwan (1986, 1990)

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“Regularizing the Informal Land Development Process,” International Case Studies for the USAID Office of Housing and Urban Programs, Mona Serageldin, 1990

Abstract

In 1990, team members at the Unit for Housing and Urbanization (the Unit) at Harvard University’s Graduate School of Design authored a report on urban development case studies, “Regularizing the Informal Land Development Process,” for the USAID Office of Housing and Urban Programs.

The report focused on organizational disconnects between informal housing and formal planning development for urban communities, considering case studies on land development and legal considerations for nine urban municipalities across Asia, Africa, and the Americas: Navi Mumbai, India; Jakarta, Indonesia; Bangkok, Thailand; Mexico City, Mexico; Caracas, Venezuela; Cairo, Egypt; Amman, Jordan; Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire; Conakry, Guinea; Kinshasa, Congo; and Lusaka, Zambia.

Case studies discuss three points for each city region:

  1. Informal land development processes;
  2. Regularization of informal land development; and
  3. Legal and institutional frameworks for land regularization.

See related I2UD projects below

Project Year:1990
Project Type:Land Development Case Studies
Geographic Regions:Navi Mumbai, India / Jakarta, Indonesia / Bangkok, Thailand / Mexico City, Mexico / Caracas, Venezuela / Cairo, Egypt / Amman, Jordan / Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire / Conakry, Guinea / Kinshasa, Congo / Lusaka, Zambia
Reports:Regularizing the Informal Land Development Process: (Mona Serageldin, October 1990)
Authors:Mona Serageldin; John Driscoll; María-Luisa Fernández; Laurent Perrin; Randa Tukan; Phoebe Manzi
Sponsors:USAID Office of Housing and Urban Programs
Categories:Urban Planning
  
ID:1990_10_001

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“The Abidjan Experience”- Four Research Reports on Community-Based Urban Development in Adjamé, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, 1990-1995

Abstract

Between 1990 and 1995, the Unit for Housing and Urbanization (later the Center for Urban Development Studies, or CUDS) at Harvard University’s Graduate School of Design prepared four research reports on the commune district of Adjamé in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast). As a collection, these materials present a detailed analysis of urban housing trends in Côte d’Ivoire from the 1990s, covering economic, historical, architectural, financial and socio-geographical elements.

First, in September 1990, the Unit produced a major research endeavor, “Urban Infrastructure on Municipal Revenues and the Integration of Informal Sector Activities: The Abidjan Experience.” The report was produced for the USAID Office of Housing and Urban Programs in Washington D.C.

Second, in January 1994, Mona Serageldin and François Vigier wrote “Designing for Urban Growth, Abidjan Ivory Coast,” covering the socio-geography of Abidjan/Côte d’Ivoire in 5 detailed sections on National Context, Landscape, The Urban Landscape, Housing Typologies, and a detailed condition analysis of the Commune of Adjamé.

Third, in September 1994, the Unit presented “Community Based Development Lessons from Experience Across Cities” for a forum on “Enabling Sustainable Community Development” at the 2nd World Bank Conference. The presentation built on the Unit’s previous research on Adjamé among other cities, sponsored by the USAID’s Office of Environment and Urban Programs.

Fourth, in October 1995, Mona Serageldin and CUDS wrote a Working Paper, “Successful Institutionalization of Community Based Development of Adjamé, Abidjan.” The paper built off all previous research on Abidjan, covering six international case studies from Abidjan, Boston, Cairo, Lima, Lublin, and Tunis, selected because of their innovative character.


[Excerpt: “Community Based Development: Lessons from Experience Across Cities,” for the 2nd World Bank Conference, September 1994, Introduction, by Mona Serageldin for the Unit, 09/1994]/

“The ESD Conference, just completed yesterday, saw a remarkable unnamity on two points of relevance, to a discussion of cross-cutting lessons.

First, that community involvement is paramount for any meaningful action to reduce poverty and improve the urban environment; and Second, that there is no single formula to do it. The diversity of cities and their local context entail that concepts be adapted to the particularities of the local context.

Yet, there is a lot to be learned from the sharing of experiences. In spite of the diversity, there are common threads. The issue of empowerment was eloquently discussed this morning. Other issues have been discussed by the previous speakers. My presentation will highlight principles which structure interfaces between communities and municipalities in order to foster community based development approaches.”

Project Year:1990-1995
Project Type:Urban Development Research
Geographic Regions:Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire (also Boston, United States; Cairo, Egypt; Lima, Perú; Lublin, Poland; and Tunis, Tunisia)
Reports:
Authors:Mona Serageldin; François Vigier; Samir Abdulac; Howard Trett; Wafaa Abdalla; Jeanine Anderson; Nader El Bizri; Janne Corniel; John Driscoll; Denis Lesage; Sherif Lotfi; David Neilson; Tarek Sweilim
Sponsors:Unit for Housing and Urbanization, Harvard University Graduate School of Design; World Bank; USAID
Categories:Urban Planning
  
ID:1990_09_001

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Related I2UD Photograph Galleries

Gallery 2: Côte d’Ivoire: Adjamé, Abidjan (1990-1995)

Galleries 6-7: Egypt: Cairo and Helwan (1986, 1990)

Gallery 12: Poland: Gdansk and Lublin (1994–1995)

Gallery 13: Tunisia: Tunis (1978-1990)

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Design Studio 1990: “The Medina of Tunis,” Urban Regeneration for the Historic Hafsia District, Tunis, Tunisia, Seminar Curriculum

Abstract

The Design Studio from Spring 1990, led by Professors François Vigier and Mona Serageldin, focused on urban regeneration in the Medina of Tunis, Tunisia. This studio addressed issues of revitalization of older urban districts of Tunis.

Documents include an overview of urban development, urban housing conditions, institutional frameworks, and government housing policies to outline the urban context of Tunisia. Reports detail the development site of the Hafsia District, and outline phases and plans for the revitalization project, including graphics and maps.


[Excerpt: “Urban and Housing Conditions,” Design Studio 1990]

Urban and Housing Conditions
“Rapid urbanization has generated a large demand for housing and add to intensive unregulated construction activity. As a result, housing stock has increased at an annual average rate of 4 percent, and conditions improved somewhat during the 80’s. However, throughout the decade, the demand for housing and urban services has outpaced the public sector’s ability to keep up with urban growth. Almost half of all dwellings built since 1975 have bypassed urban development regulations and were instead undertaken by the informal sector in areas lacking adequate utilities and relying on low-cost construction methods. To alleviate this problem, the supply of suitably located serviced land at prices affordable to the poorest segments of the population must be expanded.”
….

The Hafsia Revitalization Project
The objective of the project sponsored by the World Bank is to revitalize and renovate the area, and demonstrate the feasibility of upgrading medinas without dividing populations and by involving the private sector in the development process. The specific objectives are:

1. To revitalize the economic base with a look to the future while promoting employment opportunities for its present residents.

2. To upgrade the urban environment with minimum disruption of social cohesion and community life.

3. To structure a replicable self-financing, revitalization process given the lack of public resources. In other words, components of the proposal whose capital cost are not likely to be fully recovered (eg., housing for poorer households, infrastructure improvements, new community facilities) will have to be cross-subsidized by other revenue producing components.

4. To reverse development trends destructive to the character of the medina.”

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Project Year:1990
Project Type:Urban Design Studio
Geographic Regions:Medina of Tunis, Tunisia
Reports:1990 Design Studio: Tunisia Urban Development
Authors:François Vigier; Mona Serageldin
Sponsors:Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture
Categories:Design Studios; Education
  
ID:1990_00_002

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Gallery 13: Tunisia: Tunis (1978-1990)

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“Sustainable Improvement Strategies for Lower Income Urban Communities,” Upgrading Policy Plans for Amman and Aqaba (Jordan), Cairo (Egypt), and Karachi (Pakistan), 1990

Abstract

In 1990, the Unit for Housing and Urbanization undertook a project, “Sustainable Improvement Strategies for Lower Income Urban Communities,” focusing on upgrading strategies for low-income neighborhoods in Amman and Aqaba (Jordan), Cairo (Egypt), and Karachi (Pakistan).

The project was in collaboration with the Housing and Urban Development Corporation (HUDC) in Jordan and the Department of Community Health at the Aga Khan University in Karachi. Co-funded by the Ford Foundation and UNICEF, the study assessed projects in Jordan and Egypt that demonstrated successful approaches to improving environmental quality in urban neighborhoods.

The assessments focused on determining the potential for empowering lower income households to improve their economic conditions and living environments through the provision of appropriate infrastructure services. In Karachi, the Unit funded a survey of low-income communities (see “Issues Checklist”).

Documents include an overall summary of the study components and a working paper on “Sustainability of Public Spaces,” prepared by Howard Trett for the Unit in December 1990, as well as component reports by region. Supporting documents are an outline of the research agenda, a quality of life “Issues Checklist for the Reassessment of Common Spaces,” and a background report on HUDC Municipal and NGO Support Options for urban development assistance to the studied regions.


[Excerpt: “Summary of Overall Study Components,” p. 1-2]

PROBLEM DEFINITION
“The World Health Organization estimates that 5 million deaths and 2 to 3 million cases of permanent disability are caused yearly by contaminated water, poor sanitation, air pollution and overcrowding. The cumulative impact of these conditions is the most severe for children in low income urban neighborhoods. It is estimated that a child born in a squatter settlement is 40—to-50 times more likely to die before the age of five than a child in an industrialized country. According to the UN, efforts to alleviate these conditions through conventional upgrading and sites-and-services projects, has reached only ten percent of the urban poor. This investment has been concentrated in 150 projects which sought to achieve replicability through lower standards and higher levels of cost recovery.”

“These projects, which necessitate central government subsidies in one form or another, are increasingly becoming unaffordable to nations burdened by heavy foreign debts at a time when decentralization policies are shifting the responsibility of providing services to local governments.”

“Municipalities in developing countries are attempting to cope with their new obligations by redefining their land development strategies, reorganizing their institutional structures and finding new methods of generating the financial resources necessary to provide and maintain urban services.”
…
“The ability of local government to respond to needs, and the effectiveness of the responses are linked to the capability to formulate and implement affordable improvement strategies which are also sustainable without a continuous infusion of public resources.”


PROJECT GOAL
“The research project seeks to identify, define and test strategies and methods to enable government authorities with private sector participation, to develop sustainable approaches to upgrading and maintaining urban environments in limited income communities. Special emphasis will be placed on defining strategies which have beneficial impacts on the quality of life for children and youths.”

PROJECT OBJECTIVES
– “Identify and select pragmatic approaches to sustaining environmental quality in low-income urban neighborhoods with particular emphasis on the needs of children and youths.

– Identify, select and define appropriate monitoring and evaluation criteria to appraise prevailing levels of urban environmental quality including health and sanitary conditions.

– Develop guidelines for sustainable improvement programs to be implemented by public authorities and non-government organizations.

– Train public officials and members of community organizations in assessment techniques and implementation of action programs for improving and maintaining environmental quality.”

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Project Year:1990-1992
Project Type:Policy Plan
Geographic Regions:Amman and Aqaba, Jordan / Cairo, Egypt / Karachi, Pakistan
Reports:—
Authors:John Driscoll; Mona Serageldin; Howard Trett; François Vigier
Sponsors:Ford Foundation; UNICEF; Unit for Housing and Urbanization, Harvard University Graduate School of Design; Aga Khan Trust for Culture; Housing and Urban Development Corporation (Jordan)
Categories:Informal Settlements and Urban Upgrading
  
ID:1990_01_001

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I2UD Photograph Collection, Galleries 6-7: Egypt: Cairo and Helwan (1986, 1990)

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“Second Urban Project,” Urban Development Study Proposals for Conakry, Guinea, 1990

Abstract

In May 1990, the Unit for Housing and Urbanization (the Unit) at Harvard University’s Graduate School of Design proposed an urban development study, “Strategies for Sustainable Improvements Through Community Participation,” as part of the “Second Urban Project” for Conakry, Guinea. The Unit’s proposal reflected the need in Guinea for an action program designed to better local neighborhood conditions in 1990. Suggested plans aimed to boost community participation and improve urban health through local planning guidelines, developing strategies for progressive improvements at the neighborhood level and providing analytical tools to support long-term development.

Documents include an annotated final report for “Guinea’s Second Urban Project,” study proposals by the Unit, notes by John Driscoll, and population distribution map.


[Excerpt: Report, February 1990, page 16]

“The Housing and Land Development Component will include the implementation of a first 200-ha land development operation, in Conakry, following the financing and institutional proposals of the recently completed housing policy study (see para. 1.32). That study identified procedures and mechanisms to implement the Government’s strategy to increase formally recognized housing production through subdivision and development of urban land, to rationalize unregulated urban growth through the creation of a regulatory framework for urban planning and land market operations, and to maximize the number of households with access to security of tenure, housing and urban services.

The implementation of this policy is based on replicable land development operations relying on procedures which will limit public sector involvement to construction of secondary infrastructure, whose costs will be fully recovered, and will encourage a variety of public, semipublic and private developers to undertake subdivision and tertiary works within the blocks delimited by the secondary infrastructure network.”

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Project Year:1990
Project Type:Urban Development Study
Geographic Regions:Conakry, Guinea
Reports:
Authors:John Driscoll
Sponsors:Unit for Housing and Urbanization, Harvard University Graduate School of Design
Categories:Informal Settlements and Urban Upgrading
  
ID:1990_01_002
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“Geographic Information Systems: The Spatial Dimension of Urban Information Management,” Early GIS Research Paper by François Vigier, Jonathan Corson-Rikert, and Joy Hecht, 1989

Abstract

The paper “Geographic Information Systems: The Spatial Dimension of Urban Information Management” was written in July 1989 by François Vigier, Jonathan Corson-Rikert, and Joy Hecht under the Unit for Housing and Urbanization at Harvard University’s Graduate School of Design.

The report reviews the emerging field of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in 1989, and summarizes its administrative and technical applications. It discusses the use of information systems in urban management, the development of computer mapping and geographic information systems, the management of streets and utilities, and potential system expansions for the technology.

A history of using GIS systems in urban development is related to I2UD’s latest focus on Artificial Intelligence (AI) geographic imaging systems. Early concepts from 1989 can be compared to—or demonstrate the origins of—modern GIS mapping technologies.


[Excerpt: “Geographic Information Systems: The Spatial Dimension of Urban Information Management,” July 1989, p. 2]

“The evolution of computer technology over the past ten years offers new opportunities in this field to Third World cities. Software that integrates management systems with geographic data offers municipal officials new ways to approach technical problems, by addressing directly the spatial dimensions of the issues.

Conventional tools allow the development of quantitative estimates of future trends; only the ability to visualize their probable impacts in space allows a realistic conceptualization of growth or of changes in the quality of urban life. Planning strategies that are responsive to the pressures of rapid growth, effective in the management of the physical plant, and sensitive to the need to allocate scarce public resources depend on the merging of analytical techniques and spatial decisions.”

[Excerpt cont’, p. 8]

“Geographic information systems, linking maps and data base management systems make the storage and management of a wide range of spatial information possible. No longer an isolated component used to display results or store geographic data, computer mapping has become an affordable integral part of urban management.”

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Project Year:1989
Project Type:Research Paper
Geographic Regions:Global / None Specified
Reports:Geographic Information Systems: The Spatial Dimension of Urban Information Management (July 1989)
Authors:François Vigier; Jonathan Corson-Rikert; Joy Hecht
Sponsors:Unit for Housing and Urbanization, Harvard University Graduate School of Design
Categories:Reconciliation and Development
  
ID:1989_07_002

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“Computerized Urban Management Methods: PROJECT, AFFORD and PALMS,” Early GIS Computer Software Documentation for Urban Management, 1987-1993

Abstract

Starting in 1987, team members at the Unit for Housing and Urbanization at Harvard University’s Graduate School of Design developed a pilot suite of three computer software programs for urban management: PROJECT, AFFORD, and PALMS (Parcel-Based Land Management System). These programs were data simulation models designed to assist international public officials in assessing physical factors and financial resources for housing development and land planning.

Documents below include an AFFORD user manual, a PROJECT user manual and description, and a PALMS progress report, with maps and slides. Supporting documents include three student reports from the 1988 Design Studio, addressing the use of computerized systems: “Information Systems in the Developing World,” “Feasibility of Housing Surveys,” and “Long Term Human Activities and Ecosystem Responses.”



— 1989 — Mona Serageldin created “AFFORD,” a computer simulation model designed for public planning agencies, for making data assessments on physical standards and financing terms for the production and delivery of housing for limited income groups.

— 1987-1988 — François Vigier created “PROJECT,” a computer simulation model for programming and phasing large-scale public projects (housing developments, roadways or service corridors, regional rehabilitation). The model allowed the user to easily explore data interactions — among physical, economic and financial variables — to determine the feasibility of projects.

— 1991 — Jonathan Corson-Rikert created “PALMS” (Parcel-Based Land Management System) as a geographic information system database — and an applications library consisting of commonly encountered urban management decisions for planners.


More context on the Unit’s work with GIS can be found in: “Geographic Information Systems: The Spatial Dimension of Urban Information Management,” by François Vigier, Jonathan Corson-Rikert, and Joy Hecht, 1989 (Project ID: 1989_07_002). This essay reviewed the emerging field of GIS as of 1989 and the potential applications for urban planning.

Although not included below, Mona Serageldin and Sherif Lotfi also created a fourth program, “COMPUTE,” in 1993. This analytical model assessed the economic impact of urban land development projects in terms of four key indicators: employment generation, leverage ratio, NPV, and IRR, with a sensitivity analysis.

Project Year:1987-1993
Project Type:GIS Computer Software Program Documentation
Geographic Regions:Global / None Specified
Reports:
—
—
—
Student Reports:
Authors:François Vigier; Mona Serageldin; Peter Rowe; Daniel L. Schodek; Mara Graham; Joy Hecht; Michael W. Binford; Kristina Hill
Sponsors:Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture; Unit for Housing and Urbanization, Harvard University Graduate School of Design
Categories:Education; Climate Change
  
ID:1988_12_001

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Design Studio 1988: “Urban Infrastructure Planning and Programing in Developing Countries,” Chapters 1-7, Seminar Curriculum

Abstract

The Design Studio from Spring 1988, “Urban Infrastructure: Planning and Programming in Developing Countries” was developed by Mona Serageldin, with students and scholars from the Aga Khan Unit for Housing and Urbanization at Harvard University’s Graduate School of Design.

The 1988 Design Studio outlined problems and urban infrastructure programs, illustrated by maps, demographics, and case study reports. Curriculum materials give particular attention to support for the urban poor, with case studies on Indonesia, Bahrain, and Zhejiang Province in China. Seven chapters address infrastructure issues in light of rapid urbanization, including unemployment and underemployment in urbanizing countries, and an increased demand for basic needs like water supply and shelter.

A final Design Studio student report on Bahrain, features 99 pages of rich spatial, social, commercial, and architectural overview of historic Muharraq, Bahrain’s third largest city. Section 5.0 features a paper condensed from Arabic, by Tareq Wali, “Traditional Urban Fabric and Architecture,” including a substantial list of tables, maps, and references. Additional sections cover the historical evolution of the district:

  • 5.1: The Development of Muharraq;
  • 5.2: Morphology of the Traditional Urban Fabric & The Organization of Space;
  • 5.3: Commercial Element;
  • 5.4: Residential Elements; and
  • Annex: Notes on Building Materials and Architecture.



[Excerpt, Chapter 6, Paper B, The Urban Operational Perspective. “Introduction to the Course Background,” for “Urban Infrastructure, Planning and Programming in Developing Countries, p. 1.1]

“Virtually without exception in the cities and towns of the developing world, the ability to plan, finance and implement urban development programs and infrastructure programs in particular, is in a state of crisis. Severe deficiencies exist and are growing in nearly all sub-sectors. Explosive population growth, partly through immigration from rural areas and in the cases of the largest cities, natural growth, have placed pressures on city authorities for increased services. For instance, the population of the urban areas in developing countries is likely to grow by 1 billion over the next two decades. Simultaneously with growth to date, the state of existing services has universally deteriorated.”

“At the same time the governments in these countries are trying valiantly to cope with what are prime concerns; large and growing unemployment and under employment, and raised expectations by their peoples of access to minimum basic needs in water supply, shelter, etc. These pressures though countrywide, are visibly focused in the urban areas, and thus influence political, administrative, financial, and economic decisions, not always in a coherent or rational manner.”

“Urbanization involves costs to the public sector which amount to large shares of total public spending. Dense human settlement requires levels of servicing – for health reasons, if no other – which are not as essential elsewhere. Rising incomes increase demands for water, electricity, road space, telephones are similar public services. Expectations for urban amenities and appearances are high, and the costs of providing them are also high. Growth of the larger cities often involves diseconomies of scale – longer pumping distances for water and traveling distances for commuters, for example. In some of the largest metropolitan areas, geographical shape and terrain accentuate the costs of growth: Bangkok, Bombay and Mexico City come to mind. Soaring land prices add to the costs of private and public sector development.”

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Project Year:1988
Project Type:Urban Design Studio
Geographic Regions:Indonesia / Muharraq, Bahrain / Zhejiang Province, China
Reports:
Authors:David B. Cook; Mona Serageldin; Geeta Pradhan; Tarek Waly; Jens Lorentzen; John Kirke; David Gilmore
Sponsors:Unit for Housing and Urbanization, Harvard University Graduate School of Design
Categories:Design Studios; Education
  
ID:1988_00_004

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Gallery 3 – BAHRAIN: Manama and Muharraq, 1980s

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Design Studio 1981: “Housing Design in Islamic Cultures” in Algeria, Bangladesh, Egypt, Iraq, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and Indonesia, Seminar Curriculum

Abstract

The 1981 Design Studio, “Housing Design in Islamic Cultures,” was held jointly by the Unit for Housing and Urbanization at the Harvard University’s Graduate School of Design and the MIT Laboratory of Architecture and Planning in August 1981.

Documents include a program syllabus, an essay on “Determinants of Housing Design” by Professor Vigier, an essay on the “Role of the Public Sector” by Ismail Serageldin, and a bibliography on “Housing and Housing Design in the Muslim World” by Aga Khan/MIT librarian Richard Dewey.

Supporting materials include background papers on M’Sila, Algeria; Dhaka, Bangladesh; El Mounira Imbaba, Egypt; Iraq National Context; Karachi, Pakistan; Yanbu Industrial City, Saudi Arabia; and Indonesia.

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Project Year:1981
Project Type:Urban Design Studio
Geographic Regions:Dhaka, Bangladesh / Karachi, Pakistan / Yanbu Industrial City, Saudi Arabia / Iraq / Egypt / M’Sila, Algeria / Indonesia
Reports:
—
—
National Urban Context Background Papers:
Authors:Mona Serageldin; François Vigier; Ismail Serageldin; Assia Khellaf; Altaf Mulla; Aminul Haq Khan; Nadia Al Hasani; Akhtar Badshah; Isam Alimam; Javed Sultan; Mohamed El-Sioufi; Richard H. Dewey
Sponsors:Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture
Categories:Design Studios; Education
  
ID:1981_08_001

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Gallery 1: Algeria: Algiers (1987-1988)

Galleries 6-7: Egypt: Cairo and Helwan (1986, 1990)